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δι' αἰῶνος

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1 αιώνος

αἰῶνος

αἰών

aevum: masc gen sg

Morphologia Graeca > αιώνος
2 αἰῶνος

αἰῶνος

αἰών

aevum: masc gen sg

Morphologia Graeca > αἰῶνος
3 αἰῶνος

века
αἰῶνός

Ελληνικά-Ρωσικά λεξικό στα κείμενα της Καινής Διαθήκης (Греческо-русский словарь к текстам Нового Завета) > αἰῶνος
4 αἰῶνός

века
αἰῶνος

Ελληνικά-Ρωσικά λεξικό στα κείμενα της Καινής Διαθήκης (Греческо-русский словарь к текстам Нового Завета) > αἰῶνός
5 αἰών

αἰών, ῶνος, ὁ (Hom.+; gener. ‘an extended period of time’, in var. senses)

① a long period of time, without ref. to beginning or end,

ⓐ of time gone by, the past, earliest times, readily suggesting a venerable or awesome eld οἱ ἅγιοι ἀπʼ αἰῶνος προφῆται the holy prophets fr. time immemorial (cp. Hes., Theog. 609; Περὶ ὕψους 34, 4 τοὺς ἀπʼ αἰ. ῥήτορας; Cass. Dio 63, 20 τῶν ἀπὸ τοῦ αἰ. Ῥωμαίων; IMagnMai 180, 4; SIG index; Gen 6:4; Tob 4:12; Sir 14:17; 51:8; En 14:1; 99:14; Jos., Bell. 1, 12; Just., D. 11, 1) Lk 1:70; Ac 3:21; make known from of old Ac 15:18; πρὸ παντὸς τ. αἰ. before time began Jd 25a (for the combination with πᾶς cp. Sallust. 20 p. 36, 5 τὸν πάντα αἰῶνα=through all eternity); pl. πρὸ τῶν αἰ. 1 Cor 2:7 (cp. Ps 54:20 θεὸς ὁ ὑπάρχων πρὸ τῶν αἰ. [PGM 4, 3067 ἀπὸ τ. ἱερῶν αἰώνων]); ἐξ αἰ. since the beginning D 16:4 (Diod S 1, 6, 3; 3, 20, 2; 4, 83, 3; 5, 2, 3; Sext. Emp., Math. 9, 62; OGI 669, 61; Philo, Somn. 1, 19; Jos., Bell. 5, 442; Sir 1:4; SibOr Fgm. 1, 16 of God μόνος εἰς αἰῶνα κ. ἐξ αἰῶνος). W. neg. foll. ἐκ τοῦ αἰῶνος οὐκ ἠκούσθη never has it been heard J 9:32.

ⓑ of time to come which, if it has no end, is also known as eternity (so commonly in Gk. lit. Pla. et al.); εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα (since Isocr. 10, 62, also Diod S 1, 56, 1 εἰς τ. αἰ.=εἰς ἅπαντα τ. χρόνον; 4, 1, 4; SIG 814, 49 and OGI index VIII; POxy 41, 30=‘Long live the Caesars’; PGM 8, 33; 4, 1051 [εἰς αἰ.]; LXX; En 12:6; 102:3; PsSol 2:34, 37; ParJer 8:5; JosAs 15:3 εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα χρόνον 4:10 al. Jos., Ant. 7, 356 [εἰς αἰ.]) to eternity, eternally, in perpetuity: live J 6:51, 58; B 6:3; remain J 8:35ab; 12:34; 2 Cor 9:9 (Ps. 111:9); 1 Pt 1:23 v.l., 25 (Is 40:8); 1J 2:17; 2J 2; be with someone J 14:16. Be priest Hb 5:6; 6:20; 7:17, 21, 24, 28 (each Ps 109:4). Darkness reserved Jd 13. W. neg.=never, not at all, never again (Ps 124:1; Ezk 27:36 al.) Mt 21:19; Mk 3:29; 11:14; 1 Cor 8:13. ἕως αἰῶνος (LXX) 1 Cl 10:4 (Gen 13:15); Hv 2, 3, 3; Hs 9, 24, 4. In Johannine usage the term is used formulaically without emphasis on eternity (Lackeit [s. 4 below] 32f): never again thirst J 4:14; never see death 8:51f; cp. 11:26; never be lost 10:28; never (= by no means) 13:8. εἰς τὸν αἰ. τοῦ αἰῶνος (Ps 44:18; 82:18 al.) Hb 1:8 (Ps 44:7). ἕως αἰῶνος (LXX; PsSol 18:11) Lk 1:55 v.l. (for εἰς τὸν αἰ.); εἰς ἡμέραν αἰῶνος 2 Pt 3:18.—The pl. is also used (Emped., Fgm. 129, 6 αἰῶνες=generations; Theocr. 16, 43 μακροὺς αἰῶνας=long periods of time; Philod. περὶ θεῶν 3 Fgm. 84; Sext. Emp., Phys. 1, 62 εἰς αἰῶνας διαμένει; SibOr 3, 767; LXX, En; TestAbr B 7 p. 112, 3 [Stone p. 72].—B-D-F §141, 1), esp. in doxologies: εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας (Ps 60:5; 76:8) Mt 6:13 v.l.; Lk 1:33 (cp. Wsd 3:8); Hb 13:8. εἰς πάντας τοὺς αἰ. (Tob 13:4; Da 3:52b; En 9:4; SibOr 3, 50) Jd 25b. εὐλογητὸς εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας to all eternity (cp. Ps 88:53) Ro 1:25; 9:5; 2 Cor 11:31. αὐτῷ ἡ δόξα εἰς τοὺς αἰ. Ro 11:36; ᾧ κτλ. 16:27 (v.l. αὐτῷ). τὸ κράτος εἰς τοὺς αἰ. 1 Pt 5:11; more fully εἰς τοὺς αἰ. τῶν αἰώνων (Ps 83:5; GrBar 17:4; PGM 4, 1038; 22b, 15) for evermore in doxologies Ro 16:27 v.l.; Gal 1:5; Phil 4:20; 1 Ti 1:17; 2 Ti 4:18; Hb 13:21; 1 Pt 4:11; 5:11 v.l.; Rv 1:6, 18; 5:13; 7:12; 11:15 al. 1 Cl 20:12; 32:4; 38:4; 43:6; εἰς πάσας τὰς γενεὰς τοῦ αἰῶνος τῶν αἰ. Eph 3:21 (cp. Tob 1:4; 13:12; En 103:4; 104:5). Of God ὁ ζῶν εἰς τοὺς αἰ. (cp. Tob 13:2; Sir 18:1; Da 6:27 Theod.) Rv 4:9f; 10:6; 15:7; formulaically= eternal 14:11; 19:3; 20:10; 22:5.—κατὰ πρόθεσιν τῶν αἰώνων according to the eternal purpose Eph 3:11. All-inclusive ἀπὸ αἰώνων καὶ εἰς τ. αἰῶνας from (past) eternity to (future) eternity B 18:2 (cp. Ps 40:14 and Ps.-Aristot., De Mundo 7, 401a, 16 ἐξ αἰῶνος ἀτέρμονος εἰς ἕτερον αἰῶνα; M. Ant. 9, 28, 1 ἐξ αἰῶνος εἰς αἰῶνα; SibOr Fgm. 1, 16 of God μόνος εἰς αἰῶνα κ. ἐξ αἰῶνος).

② a segment of time as a particular unit of history, age

ⓐ ὁ αἰὼν οὗτος (הָעוֹלָם הַזֶּה) the present age (nearing its end) (Orig., C. Cels. 1, 13, 15, in ref. to 1 Cor 3:18; s. Bousset, Rel. 243ff; Dalman, Worte 120ff; Schürer II 537f; NMessel, D. Einheitlichkeit d. jüd. Eschatol. 1915, 44–60) contrasted w. the age to come (Philo and Joseph. do not have the two aeons) Mt 12:32. A time of sin and misery Hv 1, 1, 8; Hs 3:1ff; ending of Mk in the Freer ms. 2; ἡ μέριμνα τοῦ αἰ. (v.l. + τούτου) the cares of the present age Mt 13:22; pl. cp. Mk 4:19. πλοῦτος earthly riches Hv 3, 6, 5. ματαιώματα vain, futile things Hm 9:4; Hs 5, 3, 6. πραγματεῖαι m 10, 1, 4. ἐπιθυμία m 11:8; Hs 6, 2, 3; 7:2; 8, 11, 3. πονηρία Hs 6, 1, 4. ἀπάται Hs 6, 3, 3 v.l. οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ αἰ. τούτου the children of this age, the people of the world (opp. children of light, enlightened ones) Lk 16:8; 20:34.—The earthly kingdoms βασιλεῖαι τοῦ αἰ. τούτου IRo 6:1. συσχηματίζεσθαι τῷ αἰ. τούτῳ be conformed to this world Ro 12:2. As well as everything non-Christian, it includes the striving after worldly wisdom: συζητητὴς τοῦ αἰ. τούτου searcher after the wisdom of this world 1 Cor 1:20. σοφία τοῦ αἰ. τούτου 2:6. ἐν τῷ αἰ. τούτῳ 3:18 prob. belongs to what precedes=those who consider themselves wise in this age must become fools (in the estimation of this age). The ruler of this age is the devil: ὁ θεὸς τοῦ αἰ. τούτου 2 Cor 4:4 (θεός 5). ἄρχων τοῦ αἰ. τούτου IEph 17:1; 19:1; IMg 1:3; ITr 4:2; IRo 7:1; IPhld 6:2; his subordinate spirits are the ἄρχοντες τοῦ αἰ. τούτου 1 Cor 2:6, 8 (ἄρχων 1c).—Also ὁ νῦν αἰών (Did., Gen. 148, 21): πλούσιοι ἐν τῷ νῦν αἰ. 1 Ti 6:17; ἀγαπᾶν τὸν νῦν αἰ. 2 Ti 4:10; Pol 9:2. Cp. Tit 2:12. Or (Orig., C. Cels. 2, 42, 30) ὁ αἰ. ὁ ἐνεστώς the present age Gal 1:4 (cp. SIG 797, 9 [37 A.D.] αἰῶνος νῦν ἐνεστῶτος). The end of this period (cp. SibOr 3, 756 μέχρι τέρματος αἰῶνος) συντέλεια (τοῦ) αἰ. Mt 13:39f, 49; 24:3; 28:20 (cp. TestJob 4:6; TestBenj 11:3; JRobinson, Texts and Studies V introd. 86). συντέλεια τῶν αἰ. Hb 9:26; on GMary 463, 1 s. καιρός end.

ⓑ ὁ αἰὼν μέλλων (הָעוֹלָם הַבָּא) the age to come, the Messianic period (on the expr. cp. Demosth. 18, 199; Hippocr., Ep. 10, 6 ὁ μ. αἰ.=the future, all future time; Ael. Aristid. 46 p. 310 D.: ἡ τοῦ παρελθόντος χρόνου μνεία κ. ὁ τοῦ μέλλοντος αἰῶνος λόγος; Jos., Ant. 18, 287; Ar. 15, 3; Orig., C. Cels. 8, 24, 20; Did., Gen. 164, 2) in 2 Cl 6:3, cp. Hs 4:2ff, opposed to the αἰὼν οὗτος both in time and quality, cp. Mt 12:32; Eph 1:21; δυνάμεις μέλλοντος αἰ. Hb 6:5. Also αἰ. ἐκεῖνος: τοῦ αἰ. ἐκείνου τυχεῖν take part in the age to come Lk 20:35. ὁ αἰ. ὁ ἐρχόμενος Mk 10:30; Lk 18:30; Hs 4:2, 8. ὁ αἰ. ὁ ἐπερχόμενος Hv 4, 3, 5: pl. ἐν τοῖς αἰῶσιν τοῖς ἐπερχομένοις in the ages to come Eph 2:7. As a holy age ὁ ἅγιος αἰ. (opp. οὗτος ὁ κόσμος; cp. εἰς τὸν μείζονα αἰ. TestJob 47:3) B 10:11 and as a time of perfection αἰ. ἀλύπητος an age free from sorrow 2 Cl 19:4 (cp. αἰ. … τοῦ ἀπαραλλάκτου TestJob 33:5), while the present αἰών is an ‘aeon of pain’ (Slav. Enoch 65, 8).—The plurals 1 Cor 10:11 have been explained by some as referring to both ages, i.e. the end-point of the first and beginning of the second; this view urges that the earliest Christians believed that the two ages came together during their own lifetimes: we, upon whom the ends of the ages have come (JWeiss. A Greek would not refer to the beginning as τέλος. The Gordian knot has οὔτε τέλος οὔτε ἀρχή: Arrian, Anab. 2, 3, 7). But since τὰ τέλη can also mean ‘end’ in the singular (Ael. Aristid. 44, 17 K.=17 p. 406 D.: σώματος ἀρχαὶ κ. τέλη=‘beginning and end’; 39 p. 737 D.: τὰ τέλη … δράματος; Longus 1, 23, 1 ms. ἦρος τέλη; Vi. Thu. 2, 2 [=OxfT ΘΟΥΚΥΔΙΔΟΥ ΒΙΟΣ 2] τέλη τοῦ πολέμου; Aëtius, Eye Diseases p. 120, 25 Hirschb. after Galen: τὰ τέλη τ. λόγου=the close of the section; Philo, Virt. 182) and, on the other hand, the pl. αἰῶνες is often purely formal (s. above 1a and b, 2a at end) τὰ τέλη τῶν αἰ. can perh. be regarded as equal to τέλος αἰώνων (SibOr 8, 311)=the end of the age(s). Cp. TestLevi 14:1 ἐπὶ τὰ τέλη τῶν αἰώνων.—For the essential equivalence of sing. and pl. cp. Maximus Tyr. 14, 8b τὰ τῆς κολακείας τέλη beside τέλος τῆς σπουδῆς. Cp. also τέλος 5.

③ the world as a spatial concept, the world (αἰ. in sg. and pl. [B-D-F §141, 1]: Hippocr., Ep. 17, 34; Diod S 1, 1, 3 God rules ἅπαντα τὸν αἰῶνα; Ael. Aristid. 20, 13 K.=21 p. 434 D.: ἐκ τοῦ παντὸς αἰῶνος; Maximus Tyr. 11, 5e; IAndrosIsis, Cyrene 4 [103 A.D.] P. p. 129]; Ps 65:7; Ex 15:18 [cp. Philo, Plant. 47; 51]; Wsd 13:9; 14:6; 18:4; αἰῶνες οἱ κρείττονε Tat. 20:2) ApcPt 4:14. Created by God through the Son Hb 1:2; through God’s word 11:3. Hence God is βασιλεὺς τῶν αἰ. 1 Ti 1:17; Rv 15:3 (v.l. for ἐθνῶν); 1 Cl 61:2 (cp. PGM 12, 247 αἰώνων βασιλεῦ; Tob 13:7, 11, cp. AcPh 2 and 11 [Aa II/2, 2, 20 and 6, 9]); πατὴρ τῶν αἰ. 35:3 (cp. Just., A I, 41, 2; AcPh 144 [Aa II/2, 84, 9]); θεὸς τῶν αἰ. 55:6 (cp. Sir 36:17; ὁ θεὸς τοῦ αἰ.; En 1:4; PGM 4, 1163; TSchermann, Griech. Zauber-pap 1909, 23; AcJ 82 [Aa II/1, 191, 24f]). But many of these pass. may belong under 2.

④ the Aeon as a person, the Aeon (Rtzst., Erlösungsmyst. 268 index under Aion, Taufe 391 index; Epict. 2, 5, 13 οὐ γάρ εἰμι αἰών, ἀλλʼ ἄνθρωπος=I am not a being that lasts forever, but a human being [and therefore I know that whatever is must pass away]; Mesomedes 1, 17=Coll. Alex. p. 197, 17; Simplicius in Epict. p. 81, 15 οἱ αἰῶνες beside the μήτηρ τῆς ζωῆς and the δημιουργός; En 9:4 κύριος τ. κυρίων καὶ θεὸς τ. θεῶν κ. βασιλεὺς τ. αἰώνων; PGM 4, 520; 1169; 2198; 2314; 3168; 5, 468; AcPh 132 [Aa II/2, 63, 5]; Kephal. I p. 24, 6; 45, 7) ὁ αἰ. τοῦ κόσμου τούτου Eph 2:2. The secret hidden from the Aeons Col 1:26; Eph 3:9 (Rtzst., Erlösungsmyst. 235f); IEph 19:2 (Rtzst. 86, 3); cp. 8:1 (Rtzst. 236, 2). Various other meanings have been suggested for these passages.—CLackeit, Aion I, diss. Königsbg. 1916; EBurton, ICC Gal 1921, 426–32; HJunker, Iran. Quellen d. hellenist. Aionvorstellung: Vortr. d. Bibl. Warburg I 1923, 125ff; ENorden, D. Geburt des Kindes 1924; MZepf, D. Gott Αιων in d. hellenist. Theologie: ARW 25, 1927, 225–44; ANock, HTR 27, 1934, 78–99=Essays I, ’72, 377–96; RLöwe, Kosmos u. Aion ’35; EOwen, αἰών and αἰώνιος: JTS 37, ’36, 265–83; 390–404; EJenni, Das Wort ˓ōlām im AT: ZAW 64, ’52, 197–248; 65, ’53, 1–35; KDeichgräber, RGG I³ 193–95; HSasse, RAC I 193–204; MNilsson, Die Rel. in den gr. Zauberpapyri, K. humanist. Vetenskapssamfundets Lund II ’47/48, 81f; GJennings, A Survey of αιων and αιωνιος and their meaning in the NT, ’48; GStadtmüller, Aion: Saeculum 2, ’51, 315–20 (lit.); EDegani, ΑΙΩΝ da Omero ad Aristotele ’61 (s. Classen, Gnomon 34, ’62, 366–70; D.’s reply in RivFil 91, ’63, 104–10); MTreu, Griech. Ewigkeitswörter, Glotta 43, ’65, 1–24; JBarr, Biblical Words for Time² ’69; OCullman, Christus u. die Zeit³ ’62.—B. 13. EDNT. DDD s.v. Aion. DELG. M-M. TW. Sv.

Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > αἰών
6 αἰών

-ῶνος ⁺ ὁ N 3 25-72-74-348-231=750 Gn 3,22; 6,3.4; 13,15; Ex 12,24

often stereotypical rendition of עולם; lifetime, life Tob^S 14,7; age, generation 1 Ezr 4,40; long space of time, age Ezr 4,15; eternity Tob^S 14,6; world? Wis 14,6; αἰῶνες the ages, eternity Tob 13,4

ἀπ᾽ αἰῶνος of old Gn 6,4; ἀπὸ τοῦ αἰῶνος καὶ ἕως τοῦ αἰῶνος from age to age 1 Chr 16,36; δι᾽αἰῶνος

for ever Dt 12,28; εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα for ever Gn 3,22; ἐξ αἰῶνος καὶ ἕως αἰῶνος of old or from long ago and forever Jer 7,7; εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα χρόνον for ever Jdt 15,10; εἰς αἰῶνα αἰῶνος for ever and ever Ps 18(19),10; ἕως (τοῦ) αἰῶνος for ever Gn 13,15; ἕως αἰῶνος οὐκ never, not ever Ps 48(49),20; πρὸ τῶν αἰώνων from eternity Ps 54(55),20; τὸν αἰῶνα Ai‛on, a cosmic deity? or the world? Wis 13,9

*Is 17,2 καταλελειμμένη εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα abandoned for ever-עד עזבת for MT ערי עזבות deserted cities of;

*Is 19,20 εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα for ever-ָלַעד for MT ְלֵעד as a witness; *Ez 32,27 ἀπὸ αἰῶνος of old-מעולם for MT מערלים of the un-circumcised; *Ps 47(48),9 εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα forever -עלמות for MT על־מות unto death; *Ps 89(90),8 ὁ αἰὼν ἡμῶν our age-עלמינו עולם for MT עלמנו עלם our hidden things, secret sins; *Jb 19,18 εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα for ever-עולם for MT עוילים young children; *Est 9,32 εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα onwards, for ever- האָָהְל for MT הלָּהֵאֶ these

Cf. GILBERT 1973 34-35(Wis 13,9); LARCHER 1985 771-772(Wis 13,9; 14,9); LE BOULLUEC 1989

176(Ex 15,18); PIETERSMA 1997, 188; SCHAPER 1995, 54-57; WOSCHITZ 1988, 52-54; →NIDNTT; TWNT

Lust (λαγνεία) > αἰών
7 αἰών

αἰών, ῶνος, ὁ, [dialect] Ion. and [dialect] Ep. also ἡ, as in Pi.P.4.186, E.Ph. 1484: apocop. acc. αἰῶ,

A like Ποσειδῶ, restored by Ahrens (from AB 363) in A.Ch. 350: (properly αἰϝών, cf. aevum, v. αἰεί):— period of existence (τὸ τέλος τὸ περιέχον τὸν τῆς ἑκάστου ζωῆς χρόνον.. αἰὼν ἑκάστου κέκληται Arist.Cael. 279a25
):

I lifetime, life, ψυχή τε καὶ αἰών Il.16.453
; ἐκ δ' αἰ. πέφαται Il.19.27
; μηδέ τοι αἰ. φθινέτω Od.5.160
; λείπει τινά Il.5.685
; ἀπ' αἰῶνος νέος ὤλεο (Zenod. νέον) 24.725; τελευτᾶν τὸν αἰῶνα Hdt.1.32
, etc.; αἰῶνος στερεῖν τινά A.Pr. 862
; αἰῶνα διοιχνεῖν Id.Eu. 315
; συνδιατρίβειν Cratin. 1
; αἰ. Αἰακιδᾶν, periphr. for the Aeacidae, S.Aj. 645 s. v. l.; ἀπέπνευσεν αἰῶνα E.Fr. 801
; ἐμὸν κατ' αἰῶνα A.Th. 219
.

2 age, generation, αἰ. ἐς τρίτον ib. 744; ὁ μέλλων αἰών posterity, D.18.199, cf. Pl.Ax. 370c.

3 one's life, destiny, lot, S.Tr.34, E.Andr. 1215, Fr.30, etc.

II long space of time, age, αἰὼν γίγνεται 'tis an age, Men.536.5; esp. with Preps., ἀπ' αἰῶνος of old, Hes.Th. 609, Ev.Luc.1.70; οἱ ἀπὸ τοῦ αἰ. Ῥωμαῖοι D.C. 63.20
; δι' αἰῶνος perpetually, A.Ch.26, Eu. 563; all one's life long, S. El. 1024; δι' αἰῶνος μακροῦ, ἀπαύστου, A.Supp. 582, 574; τὸν δι' αἰ. χρόνον for ever, Id.Ag. 554; εἰς ἅπαντα τὸν αἰ. Lycurg.106, Isoc.10.62; εἰς τὸν αἰ. LXX Ge.3.23, al., D.S.21.17, Ev.Jo.8.35, Ps.-Luc. Philopatr.17; εἰς αἰῶνα αἰῶνος LXX Ps.131(132).14
; ἐξ αἰῶνος καὶ ἕως αἰῶνος ib.Je.7.7; ἐπ' αἰ. ib.Ex.15.18; ἕως αἰῶνος ib.1 Ki.1.22, al.:— without a Prep., τὸν ἅπαντα αἰ. Arist. Cael. 279a22; τὸν αἰῶνα Lycurg. 62
, Epicur.Ep.1p.8U.; eternity, opp. χρόνος, Pl.Ti. 37d, cf. Metrod. Fr.37, Ph.1.496, 619, Plot.3.7.5, etc.; τοὺς ὑπὲρ τοῦ αἰῶνος φόβους Epicur.Sent.20
.

2 space of time clearly defined and marked out, epoch, age, ὁ αἰὼν οὗτος this present world, opp. ὁ μέλλων, Ev.Matt.13.22, cf. Ep.Rom.12.2; ὁ νῦν αἰ. 1 Ep.Tim.6.17, 2 Ep.Tim.4.10:—hence in pl., the ages, i.e. eternity, Phld.D.3 Fr.84; εἰς πάντας τοὺς αἰ. LXX To.13.4
; εἰς τοὺς αἰ.ib.Si.45.24, al., Ep.Rom.1.25, etc.; εἰς τοὺς αἰ. τῶν αἰώνων LXX 4 Ma.18.24
, Ep.Phil.4.20, etc.; ἀπὸ τῶν αἰ., πρὸ τῶν αἰ., Ep.Eph.3.9, 1Cor.2.7; τὰ τέλη τῶν αἰ. ib.10.11.

3 Αἰών, ὁ, personified, Αἰὼν Χρόνου παῖς E.Heracl. 900
(lyr.), cf. Corp.Herm.11, etc.; as title of various divine beings, Dam.Pr. 151, al.; esp.=Persian Zervan, Suid. s.v. Ἡρασκος.

4 Pythag., = 10, Theol.Ar.59.

B spinal marrow (perh. regarded as seat of life), h.Merc 42, 119, Pi.Fr. 111, Hp.Epid.7.122; perh. also Il.19.27.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > αἰών
8 αἰών

αἰών, ῶνος, ὁ, fem. Il. 22, 58; Hes. Sc. 331; Simonid. 92 (VII, 515); Pind. P. 4, 186; Eur. Phoen. 1484, u. einzeln bei a. D.; 1) Zeit, bes. a) Lebenszeit, Leben, Hom. τὸν λίπῃ ψυχή τε καὶ αἰών Il. 16, 453, allein 5, 685; ἐκ δ' αἰὼν πέφαται Iliad. 19, 27; ἀπ' αἰῶνος νέος ὤλεο 24, 725, du starbest jung; μηδέ τοι αἰὼν φϑινέτω Od. 5, 160, κατείβετο δὲ γλυκὺς αἰών 152; ψυχῆς τε καὶ αἰῶνός σε εὖνιν ποιήσας 9, 523; αἰῶνα φϑινύϑω 18, 204. Oft Trag., μονάδ' αἰῶνα διάγειν Eur. Phoen. 1484; αἰῶνος στερεῖν Aesch. Prom. 864; μέτριος, τλήμων Soph. Phil. 179 O. C. 1734; ἄδακρυν αἰῶνα νέμεσϑαι Pind. Ol. 2, 74; vgl. Xen. Cyr. 3, 3, 3; αἰῶνα τελευτῆσαι, sein Leben endigen, Her. 1, 32; διαφέρειν, hinbringen, 3, 40. – b) lange Zeit, Ewigkeit, μακρὸς αἰών Aesch. Suppl. 577, vgl. μακροὺς αἰῶνας ἔκειντο Theocr. 16, 43; ὁ δι' αἰῶνος χρόνος Ag. 540, u. allein δι' αἰῶνος, fortdauernd, Ch. 26; Soph. El. 1013; Arist. mund. 5 und andere Prof.; εἰς πάντα τὸν αἰῶνα, für alle Ewigkeit, Lycurg. 106. Dah. die Ableitung von αἰὲν ὤν, Arist. coel. 1, 11. – 2) Rückenmark, H. h. Merc. 42; Hippocr.

Griechisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > αἰών
9 αιων

    I.

     αἰών

    - ῶνος ὅ, реже ἥ (acc. тж. αἰῶ Aesch.)

    1) век, жизнь

     (ψυχέ καὴ αἰ. Hom.; αἰ. τλήμων Soph.)

    τελευτῆσαι καλῶς τὸν αἰῶνα Her. — счастливо окончить свою жизнь;

    αἰῶνος στερεῖν τινα Aesch., — лишать кого-л. жизни;

    ἐμὸν κατ΄ αἰῶνα Aesch. — пока я жив

    2) поколение

     αἰῶνα ἐς τρίτον Aesch. — до третьего поколения;

    ὅ μέλλων αἰ. Dem. — потомство

    3) жизненный жребий, доля, судьба

    (τίν΄ αἰῶν΄ ἕξεις; Eur.)

    4) век, время, эпоха, эра

    δι΄ αἰῶνος ἀπαύστου Aesch., — в течение бесконечного времени;

    μακροὺς αἰῶνας Theocr. — в течение долгих веков;

    εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων NT. — на веки веков

    5) вечность

    ἀπ΄ αἰῶνος Hes. — испокон веков;

    τὸν δι΄ αἰῶνος χρόνον или δι΄ αἰῶνος Aesch., — вечно;

    τὸν αἰῶνα Plat. — навеки

    6) спинной мозг HH., Pind.

    II.

     ἀϊών

    - όνος (ᾱ) ἥ Pind. = ἠϊών См. ηιων

Древнегреческо-русский словарь > αιων
10 αἰών

αἰών (ὁ, ἡ. αἰών, -ῶνος, -ῶνα)

a span, course of life
αἰὼν δ' ἔφεπε μόρσιμος O. 2.10

ἄδακρυν νέμονται αἰῶνα O. 2.67

μὴ καθέλοι μιν αἰὼν πότμον ἐφάψαις ὀρφανὸν γενεᾶς O. 9.60

αἰὼν δ' ἀσφαλὴς οὐκ ἔγεντ οὔτ Αἰακίδᾳ παρὰ Πηλεῖ οὔτε P. 3.86

τὰν ἀκίνδυνον παρὰ ματρὶ μένειν αἰῶνα πέσσοντ P. 4.186

κλυτᾶς αἰῶνος ἀκρᾶν βαθμίδων ἄπο P. 5.7

λαμπρὸν φέγγος ἔπεστιν ἀνδρῶν καὶ μείλιχος αἰών P. 8.97

νιν εὐθυπομπὸς αἰὼν ταῖς μεγάλαις δέδωκε κόσμον Ἀθάναις N. 2.8

ἐλᾷ δὲ καὶ τέσσαρας ἀρετὰς ὁ θνατὸς αἰών N. 3.75

ἐκ πόνων δ' τελέθει πρὸς γῆρας αἰὼν ἡμέρα N. 9.44

ἐπεὶ τούτον, ἢ πάμπαν θεὸς ἔμμεναι οἰκεῖν τοὐρανῷ, εἵλετ' αἰῶνα Πολυδεύκης N. 10.59

αἰὼν δὲ κυλινδομέναις ἁμέραις ἄλλ' ἄλλοτ ἐξ ἄλλαξεν I. 3.18

ἕκαλος ἔπειμι γῆρας ἔς τε τὸν μόρσιμον αἰῶνα I. 7.42

δόλιος γὰρ αἰὼν ἐπ' ἀνδράσι κρέμαται I. 8.14
πολύ τοι φέριστον ἀνδρὶ τερπνὸς αἰών fr. 126. 2. ζωὸν δ' ἔτι λείπεται αἰῶνος εἴδωλον existence fr. 131b. 2. ἰσοδένδρου τέκμαρ αἰῶνος θεόφραστον λαχοῖσα (sc. a Dryad nymph.) fr. 165.

b marrow αἰὼν δὲ δἰὀστέων ἐρραίσθη fr. 111. 5.

Lexicon to Pindar > αἰών
11 διά

διά, durch, zwischen. Zu Grunde liegt der Begriff der Trennung, »in zwei Theile«; Wurzel ΔFι, verwandt δύο, δίς, Latein. duo, bis, viginti, dis-, Sanskrit. vi, s. Curtius Grundz. der Griech. Etymol. 1, 39. 204.

Als Adverb. kann διά gebraucht zu sein scheinen in dem Ausdrucke διὰ πρό, was aber wohl besser als ein Wort geschrieben wird, διαπρό.

Als Praeposit. wird διά verbunden:

A. Mit dem genitiv.: Durch; – 1) vom Raume, und zwar – a) durch einen Raum hindurch u. wieder heraus, z. B. δι' ὤμου, δι' ἀσπίδος u. ä., ἦλϑεν ἔγχος, drang durch die Schulter, durch den Schild hindurch, oft bei Hom.; ἔπαξε διὰ φρενῶν ξίφος Pind. N. 7, 26; vgl. P. 3, 57; τιτρώσκειν διὰ ϑώρακος, durch den Panzer hindurch verwunden, Xen. An. 1, 8, 26; φαίνεται πῦρ διὰ τοῦ ὀρόφου, das Feuer schlägt durch das Dach heraus, 7, 4, 16. Aehnl. διὰ τοῠ ὕδατος ὁρῶν ἥλιον, durch das Wasser hindurch die Sonne sehen, Plat. Phaed. 109 c. – Διὰ τέλους, bis zum Ende hindurch, vollständig, Aesch. Prom. 270; διὰ πασῶν (sc. χορδῶν), durch alle Saiten, Töne hin, gänzlich, Plat. Rep. IV, 432 n; bes. von der Oktave. – b)ohne die Bezeichnung des Wiederherauskommens, mitten durch, durch etwas hin; bes. bei Verbis der Bewegung: διὰ νήσου ἰὸν Od. 12, 335, u. öfter; διὰ ϑαλάσσας πέταται Pind. N. 6, 50; ἐλῶσι διὰ ἠπείρου μακρᾶς Aesch. Eum. 75; οἴκτου δι' οἴκων ὁρμωμένου Soph. Tr. 861; ῥέων δι' Εὐρώπης Her. 2, 33; διὰ τῶν νεκρῶν διεξήϊε 7, 238; δι' οὐρανοῦ πορεύεσϑαι, Plat. Tim. 39 d; διὰ πυρὸς ἰέναι, Xen. Symp. 4, 16 u. öfter; vgl. διὰ πολλῶν τε καὶ δεινῶν πραγμάτων σεσωσμένοι An. 5, 5, 8; – διὰ πάντων ἐλϑεῖν, alles durchmachen, Xen. Cyr. 1, 2, 15; ἀπὸ τῆς ἀρχῆς διὰ πάντων ἄχρι τῆς τελευτῆς διεξῆλϑον Dem. 18, 179. – Homer setzt bei mehreren Verbis der Bewegung den genitiv. πεδίοιο ohne Präposition, wo in Attischer Prosa der genitiv. mit διά stehn würde; Iliad. 4, 244 αἵ τ' ἐπεὶ οὖν ἔκαμον πολέος πεδίοιο ϑέουσαι. Scholl. Aristonic. ἡ διπλῆ διὰ τὸ ἐλλείπειν τὴν διά πρόϑεσιν, ἵν' ᾖ διὰ πεδίου; Iliad. 23, 372 οἱ δ' ἐπέτοντο κονίοντες πεδίοιο, Scholl. Aristonic. ἡ διπλῆ, ὅτι ἐλλείπει ἡ διά, διὰ πεδίοιο; Iliad. 5, 222. 6, 2. 38. 507. 8, 106. 13, 820. 14, 147. 18, 7. 21, 247. 22, 23. 23, 364. 518. 521, Scholl. Aristonic. zu allen diesen Stellen; eben so ist gebraucht der genitiv. νειοῖο Iliad. 10, 353 ἑλκέμεναι νειοῖο βαϑείης πηκτὸν ἄροτρον, Scholl. Aristonic. ἡ διπλῆ, ὅτι ἐλλείπει ἡ διά, διὰ νειοῖο. – Seltener c) nebenhin, längs, παρήκει διὰ τῆςδε τῆς ϑαλάσσης ἡ ἀκτή Her. 4, 39; vgl. Od. 10, 391; παρὰ τὴν χηλὴν διὰ τῆς ϑαλάσσης Thuc. 1, 63. Oefter Sp., παριέναι διὰ μειρακίου, Aristaenet. 1, 13. Bei Her. 3, 103, διὰ τῶν ὀπισϑίων σκελέων, ist es = durch beide Schenkel mitten hindurch. – An b) schließt sich d), ὁ δ' ἔπρεπε καὶ διὰ πάντων, eigtl. durch alle hin zeichnete er sich aus, d. i. vor allen, Il. 12, 104; so τετίμακε δι' ἀνϑρώπων Pind. I. 3, 55; εὐδοκιμέων διὰ πάντων βασιλέων Her. 6, 63; u. allgemein, διὰ πάντων ϑέης ἄξιον, vor allen, 1, 25: vgl. 8, 37; ähnlich ὑμῖν διὰ πάντων ἥκιστα 8, 142; womit δι' οὐδενὸς ποιεῖσϑαι, Soph. O. C. 590, zu vergleichen, was B. A. 35 = οὐδενὸς π. gesetzt wird. – e) Wie διὰ μάχης ἐλϑεῖν τινι, Eur. I. A. 1415, ἰέναι, Her. 6, 9 Thuc. 4, 92, ἀπικέατο τῷ Ἁρπάγῳ Her. 1, 169, eigtl. »durch den Kampf hindurchgehen«, d. i. »kämpfen« bedeutet, so dient διά zunächst bei ἰέναι u. ä. Verben, dann auch mit ἔχειν, εἶναι, bes. bei Dichtern u. Sp., zur Bezeichnung des Beharrlichen, Ausdauerns u. Festhaltens eines Thuns oder Zustandes, und wird dann eine Umschreibung für ein einfaches Verbum, mit dem Nebenbegriff der Dauer, kann auch oft durch ein Adv. gegeben werden, vgl. Villois. Anecd. II, 79: διὰ ἀγάπης, ἀμελείας, ἐπαίνου, ψόγου, μνήμης ἔχειν, = ἀγαπᾶν, ἀμελεῖν u. s. w.; δι' αἰδοῦς ὄμμα ἔχειν Eur. I. A. 1000; Bacch. 441; δι' αἰτίας ἔχειν, = αἰτιᾶσϑαι, Thuc. 2, 60, wie δι' αἰτίας ἄγειν, Ael. V. H. 9, 32; δι' ἀκριβείας εἰρῆσϑαι, ἐπίστασϑαι, = ἀκριβῶς, Plat. Rep. III, 404 a, u. öfter; δι' ἀπεχϑείας γίγνεσϑαι, = ἀπεχϑάνεσϑαι, Xen. Hier. 9, 1; vgl. Aesch. Prom. 122; διὰ γλώσσης ἰέναι, reden, Eur. Suppl. 114; διὰ μιᾶς γνώμης γενέσϑαι, einmüthig sein, Isocr. 4, 188; διὰ δικαιοσύνης ἰέναι, auf dem Wege der Gerechtigkeit wandeln, Plat. Prot. 323 a; διὰ δίκης ἰέναι τινί, Soph. Ant. 738 Thuc. 6, 60; δι' ἐλπίδος ἔχειν, Herodn. 2, 1, 16; δι' ἐπιϑυμίας εἶναι, Plat. Phaed. 82 e; δι' ἐχϑρᾶς γενέσϑαι, Ar. Ran. 1112; δι'ἡδονῆς ἔχειν, Herodn. 4, 6, 4; διὰ μάχης ἔρχεσϑαι, Her. 6, 9; Thuc. 2, 11; διὰ πολλῶν μαϑημάτων γενόμενος Luc. Macrob. 22; διὰ μνήμης ἔχειν, Catapl. 9; auch εἶναι, φέρειν, Herodn. 2, 2, 19; δι' οἴκτου ἔχειν, λαβεῖν, Eur. Hec. 851 Suppl. 206; δι' ὀργῆς ἥκειν, ἔχειν, = ὀργίζεσϑαι, Soph. O. C. 909; Thuc. 2, 37. 5, 29; δι' ἡσυχίας εἶναι, Her. 1, 206; διὰ πάσης ἀγωνίης ἔχειν, 2, 91; vgl. δι' ὀργῆς παίειν, im Zorn, O. R. 807; δι' ὄχλου εἶναι, = ὀχληρόν, Thuc. 1, 73; διὰ πολέμου, διὰ φιλίας ἰέναι, Xen. An. 3, 2, 8; διὰ φιλημάτων ἰέναι, unter Küssen, Eur. Andr. 416; διὰ στόματος ἔχειν, Cyr. 1, 4, 25, wie Plut. Lucull. 1, stets im Munde führen; διὰ τιμῆς ἔχειν, ἄγειν, = τιμᾶν, Plut. Demetr. et Ant. 4; Hdn. 2, 2, 17; Luc. Merc. cond. 33; διὰ τύχης τοιᾶςδ' ἰών Soph. O. R. 775; δι' ὑποψίας, φροντίδος ἔχειν, Plut. Rom. 15; Herod. 3, 2, 9; διὰ φόβου ἔρχεσϑαι, εἶναι, Eur. Or. 747; Thuc. 6, 59; διὰ φυλακῆς ἔχειν, in Gewahrsam halten, Thuc. 7, 8; aufbewahren, D. Hal. 4, 15. So διὰ βραχέων, in kurzem, διὰ βραχυτάτων, Lys. 16, 9; διὰ πάντων, in allen Stücken, Plut. C. Graech. 6; διὰ κεφαλαίων (summarisch) ἀναμνήσω ὑμᾶς Aesch. 2, 25; διὰ τάχους, Thuc. 2, 18 u. öfter, wie διὰ ταχέων, = ταχέως, Xen. An. I, 5, 9. Man vgl. noch διὰ χειρὸς ἔχειν, in der Hand haben, Soph. Ant. 1243, s. unten; handhaben, ἡνίας, Plut. Num. 6; öfter Luc. πρᾶγμα; ähnl. διὰ στέρνων ἔχειν, so gesinnt sein, Plut. Ant. 635. – f) διὰ τοσούτου, in einem großen Zwischenraum, Thuc. 2, 29, u. öfter, διὰ πολλοῠ, διὰ ὀλίγου, z. B. 3, 94. 6, 11, wo man διαστήματος ergänzt; δι' ἄλλων εἴκοσι σταδίων ἄλλος ποταμός ἐστι, in einem Zwischenraum von 20 Stadien, Her. 7, 198; δι' ἐλάσσονος, näher, Thuc. 3, 51; οἱ ἄπωϑεν καὶ μάλιστα οἱ διὰ πλείστου 3, 115; δι' ἐγγυτάτου, 8, 96; διὰ δέκα ἐπάλξεων πύργοι ἦσαν, immer nach zehn, 3, 21. Vgl. noch ἐν τῷ διὰ μέσου χρόνῳ, Her. 8, 127. – 2) Von der Zeit, von Her. an, bes. bei Attikern; – a) die Dauer bezeichnend, eine Zeit hindurch, δι' ἡμέρας, διὰ νυκτός, den ganzen Tag, die Nacht hindurch, z. B. δικάζειν, Her. 1, 97 u. öfter; auch mit dem Zusatz ὅλης, Xen. An. 5, 2, 4 u. comici; δι' ἔτους, das ganze Jahr hindurch, Her. 2, 32; Ar. Vesp. 1058; δι' αἰῶνος, immer, Aesch. Ch. 26 u. sonst; auch διὰ παντὸς τοῦ αἰῶνος, Xen. Cyr. 2, 1, 19; u. so διὰ παντός allein, Soph. Ai. 691; δι' ὀλίγου, kurze Zeit hindurch, Thuc. 1, 77; διὰ βίου, zeitlebens, Plat. Phaed. 75 d; Plut. Caes. 57; δ. παντὸς β., Plat. Conv. 203 d; διά τε τοῦ ἔρωτος καὶ ἔξω γενόμενος, während der Liebe, Phaedr. 236 c; dah. διὰ τέλους, bis ans Ende, Soph. Ai. 670; Xen. Cyr. 3, 3, 35 u. sonst; dah. = beständig, Andoc. 1, 6; Lys. 6, 30, u. öfter bei Rednern. So ist auch Xen. Cyr. 7, 2, 24 zu fassen: πρῶτον μὲν ἐκ ϑεῶν γεγονώς, ἔπειτα δὲ διὰ βασιλέων πεφυκώς, durch eine fortlaufende Reihe von Königen von den Göttern abstammend. – b) Einen Zeitabstand bezeichnend, seit, nach; διὰ χρόνου, nach einiger Zeit, auch nach langer Zeit, Lys. 1, 12; Plat. Rep. I, 328 c; Phaedr. 247 b; Xen. Cyr. 1, 4, 28; διὰ πολλοῦ χρόνου, Ar. Plut. 1045; διὰ μακρῶν χρόνων, Plat. Tim, 22 d; u. allein, διὰ μακροῦ, Arr. An. 5, 2, 8; Luc. Asin. 46; δι' ἐτῶν δέκα, Pol. 22, 26, der auch διὰ προγόνων, seit den Vorfahren, sagt, 22, 4. Mit Ordinalzahlen wird die Wiederkehr einer Handlung nach einem bestimmten Zeitraume bezeichnet: διὰ τρίτης ἡμέρας, alle drei Tage, Her. 2, 37; διὰ πεντετηρίδος, alle fünf Jahre, 3. 97 (aber δι' ἑνδεκάτου ἔτους, nach Verlauf von elf Jahren, 1, 62); δι' ἔτους πέμπτου συνάγειν, Ar. Plut. 584; δι' ἐνάτου ἔτους, Plat. Legg. I, 624 b. – 3) durch, vermittelst, was zunächst räumlich ist, φϑόγγος με βάλλει δι' ὤτων Soph. Ai. 1078; vgl. El. 727; δι' ὄμματος λείβειν δάκρυον O. C. 1252; δι' ὁσίων χειρῶν ϑιγεῖν 471; διὰ χειρῶν κομίζειν, in den Händen tragen, Plut. Cim. 5; vgl. διὰ χειρὸς ἄγειν, Soph. Ant. 916; Plut. Pomp. 22; δι' ὀλίγου πόνου κεκτημένος Thuc. 7, 70; αἱ αἰσϑήσεις αἱ διὰ τῶν ῥινῶν, Plat. Prot. 334 c; διὰ τοῦ στόματος, Phaedr. 250 d; τῶν ἡδονῶν αἳ διὰ τοῦ σώματός εἰσιν. d. i. körperliche, sinnliche, Phaed. 65 a; vgl. Xen. Mem. 4, 5, 3, u. πάντα διὰ στόματος ἡδέα, 1, 4, 5. Uebh. vermittelst, durch, δι' ἑρμηνέως λέγειν, Xen. An. 2, 3, 17 u. öfter, wie Pol. 5, 83; δι' ἀγγέλου λέγειν, Her. 7, 203; vgl. Aesch. 3, 95 ἀφικνεῖται οὐκέτι δι' ἀγγέλων ἀλλ' αὐτός; u. πέμψας διὰ τῶν μαϑητῶν Matth 11, 2; γέγραπται διὰ τοῦ προφήτο υ 2, 5; vollständig τὸ ῥηϑὲν ὑπὸ κυρίου διὰ τοῠ προφήτου, 1, 22; auch εἶδον δι' ἐκείνων Her. 1, 113. 117; πεσεῖν ἀλλοτρίας διὰ γυναικός, durch Schuld, Aesch. Ag. 442; δι' ὧνπερ χειρῶν ὤλετο Soph. O. R. 822. Zu beachten ist Plat. Theaet. 184 d, wo ᾡ ὁρῶμεν u. δι' οὗ ὁρῶμεν unterschieden wird. – Διὰ λόγων συγγενέσϑαι, Plat. Polit. 272 d; διὰ τοῦ ἐμοῠ στόματος ἐλέχϑη Phaedr. 242 d; vgl. auch δι' ἑκόντων ἀλλ' οὐ διὰ βίας ποιεῖσϑαι, Phil. 58 a; Aesch. 3, 121 sagt οὐ δι' αἰνιγμάτων ἀλλ' ἐναργῶς γέγραπται. Etwas anders διὰ μέλανος γράφειν, Plut. Sol. 17; διὰ ποιήματος λόγον ἐξενεγκεῖν, ibd. 26. Bei Sp. sogar zur Angabe des Stoffes, βρώματα διὰ γάλακτος καὶ μέλιτος, Ath. XIV, 646 e; δι' ἀλφίτου πεποιημέναι ϑυσίαι, Plut. Num. 8, wie εἴδωλα κατασκευάζειν δι' ἐλέφαντος καὶ χρυσοῦ, D. Sic. 17, 115; u. noch auffallender κυάϑιον δι' ἀργυρίου, Poll. 6, 105. – Besonders häufig, wie man διὰ τοιούτων αἰτιῶν, Plat. Tim. 57 c, δι' ἐμοῦ γιγνόμενα, ibd. 41 c sagt, ist im Att. δι' ἑαυτοῦ, durch sich selbst, ohne fremde Beihülfe, selbstständig, z. B. κτᾶσϑαί τι, Xen. Cyr 1, 1, 4; διέλυε τὰ χρήματα, aus eigenen Mitteln, Dem. 88, 12; vgl. Pol. 7, 8 u. öfter; bes. ποιεῖσϑαί τι, Dem. 51, 22; ἀπολογίαν διὰ σαυτοῦ ποίησαι Aesch. 3, 242. Dah. δι' ἑαυτοῦ ἔχειν, in seiner Gewalt haben, πόλιν, βουλευτήριον, Dem. 15, 14. 22, 38; ὅπως δι' ἑαυτῶν ἔσοιτο ἡ οὐσία Is. 6, 36. – Die Gramm. bezeichnen bes. die Orthographie durch γράφεται διὰ τοῦ ᾱ, ῶ u. s. w.

B. Mit dem accusativ. – 1) vom Orte, nur p., durch, genau in demselben Sinne, wie die Attische Prosa διά mit dem genitiv. vom Raume gebraucht. Hom. Iliad. 10, 298 βάν ῥ' ἴμεν –, ἂμ φόνον, ἂν νέκυας, διά τ' ἔντεα καὶ μέλαν αἱμα, Scholl. Aristonic. ἡ διπλῆ, ὅτι –. καὶ ὅτι πτῶσις ἐνήλλακται, δι' ἐντέων καὶ μέλανος αἵματος; Iliad. 10, 469 und Scholl. Aristonic.; Iliad. 15, 1 αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ διά τε σκόλοπας καὶ τάφρον ἔβησαν, Scholl. Aristonic. ἀντὶ τοῦ διὰ σκολόπων καὶ τάφρου, ὡς τὸ »διά τ' ἔντεα καὶ μέλαν αἱμα ( Iliad. 10, 298)«. ἢ τὸ ἑξῆς διέβησαν τούς τε σκόλοπας καὶ τὴν τάφρον (dies Letztere spricht Friedländer dem Aristonicus ab); vgl. Iliad. 7, 247. 5, 858; ob in dgl. Stellen Tmesis anzunehmen sei, oder nicht, wird sich schwerlich überall entscheiden lassen; Iliad. 12, 62 διὰ τάφρον ἐλαύνομεν ἵππους; Iliad. 22, 190 ὡς δ' ὅτε νεβρὸν κύων ἐλάφοιο δίηται, διά τ' ἄγκεα καὶ διὰ βήσσας, Scholl. Aristonic. ὅτι ἀντὶ τοῦ δι' ἀγκέων καὶ βησσῶν; Odyss. 10, 281 δι' ἄκριας ἔρχεαι; 7, 139 βῆ διὰ δῶμα, Scholl. Aristonic. διὰ τοῦ δώματος; Odyss. 10, 150 καί μοι ἐείσατο καπνὸς ἀπὸ χϑονὸς εὐρυοδείης Κίρκης ἐν μεγάροισι, διὰ δρυμὰ πυκνὰ καὶ ὕλην; Iliad. 14, 91 μῦϑον, ὃν οὔ κεν ἀνήρ γε διὰ στόμα πάμπαν ἄγοιτο, ὅς τις ἐπίσταιτο κτἑ., im Munde führen; – διὰ σέλματα νηός Archil. 5; φεύγειν διὰ κῦμα ἅλιον, auf der Meereswoge, Aesch. Suppl. 15; vgl. Eur. Hipp. 762 u. sonst, nur in Chören; ἐπὶ χϑόνα καὶ διὰ πόντον βέβακεν Pind. I. 3, 59; διὰ στόμα ὄσσαν ἱεῖσαι Hes. Th. 65; διὰ στόμα ἔχειν, Ar. Lys. 855; vgl. Aesch. Spt. 51. 475. 561; Eur. Or. 103. – Zuweilen ist dies διά c. accusat. nicht wesentlich dem Sinne nach von ἐν verschieden; ähnlich wie sich ἀνά und κατά c. accusat. zu ἐν verhält, so auch dies διά cum accusat.: Aeschyl. Suppl. 868 καὶ γὰρ δυσπαλάμως ὄλοιο δι' ἁλίρρυτον ἄλσος, κατὰ Σαρπηδόνιον χῶμα πολυψάμαϑον ἀλαϑεὶς εὐρείαις εἰν αὔραις; Soph. O. R. 867 ὧν νόμοι πρόκεινται ὑψίποδες, οὐρανίαν δι' αἰϑέρα τεκνωϑέντες, ὧνὌλυμπος πατὴρ μόνος; so ist wohl auch zu fassen Hesiod. Th. 631 δηρὸν γὰρ μάρναντο, πόνον ϑυμαλ γέ' ἔχοντες, Τιτῆνές τε ϑεοὶ καὶ ὅσοι Κρόνου ἐξεγένοντο, ἀντίον ἀλλήλοισι διὰ κρατερὰς ὑσμίνας; sehr zweideutig ist Hom. Iliad. 2, 40 ϑήσειν γὰρ ἔτ' ἔμελλεν ἐπ' ἄλγεά τε στοναχάς τε Τρωσί τε καὶ Δαναοῖσι διὰ κρατερὰς ὑσμίνας, was wohl eben so gut heißen könnte »vermittelst der Schlachten« wie »in den Schlachten«. – 2) Eben so wie vom Raume wird διά c. accusat. auch von der Zeit ungefähr = ἐν gebraucht, auf die Frage »wann«: Iliad. 8, 510 μή πως καὶ διὰ νύκτα Ἀχαιοὶ φεύγειν ὁρμήσωνται; 2, 57 ἀμβροσίην διὰ νύκτα; 10, 41 νύκτα δι' ἀμβροσίην; 10, 83 νύκτα δι' ὀρφναίην; 10, 297 διὰ νύκτα μέλαιναν; dies » durch die Nacht« ist nicht so viel wie »die Nacht hindurch«, sondern im Wesentlichen nichts Anderes als »bei Nacht«, »während der Nacht«, »in der Nacht«, »zur Nachtzeit«; nur ist die zu Grunde liegende Vorstellung bei διὰ νύκτα eine andere; – Mosch. 4, 91 πρὸς δ' ἔτι μ' ἐπτοίησε διὰ γλυκὺν αἰνὸς ὄνειρος ὕπνον. – 3) vom Mit tel oder Werkzeuge, durch, vermittelst, fast nur dichterisch; die Attische Prosa gebraucht regelrecht in dieser Bdtg διά c. genitiv.; Odyss. 8, 520 νικῆσαι διὰ Ἀϑήνην; Iliad. 10, 497 διὰ μῆτιν Ἀϑήνης; 15, 71 Ἀϑηναίης διὰ βουλάς; δι' ἀρετὴν οὐ διὰ τύχην νικᾶν, Isocr. 4, 91; ὅσοις σώζεσϑαι μὲν ἤρκει δι' ὑμᾶς Xen. An. 5, 8, 13; Dem. 24, 7 διὰ τοὺς ϑεοὺς ἐσώϑην; λέγονται Ἀϑηναῖοι διὰ Περι κλέα βελτίους γενέσϑαι Plat. Gorg. 515 e; ταχὺς γενόμενος διὰ τὸν παιδοτρίβην ibd. 520 c; πλείω διὰ σὲ εἴρηκα Theaet. 210 b; διὰ τίν' ἄρχει ὁ Ζεύς; Ar. Plut. 130, wo διὰ τἀργύριον geantwortet wird; εἴ τι ἔστι λαμπρὸν – διὰ σὲ γίγνεται ibd. 145; διὰ τοὺς εὖ μαχομένους αἱ μάχαι κρίνονται Xen. Cyr. 5, 2, 35. Bes. ist zu merken das elliptische εἰ μὴ διά τινα, z. B. Μιλτιάδην εἰς τὸ βάραϑρον ἐμβαλεῖν ἐψηφίσαντο, καὶ εἰ μὴ διὰ τὸν πρύτανιν, ἐνέπεσεν ἄν, wenn es nicht durch den Prytanen verhindert wäre, Plat. Gorg. 516 d; εἰ μὴ διὰ τὴν ἐκείνων μέλλησιν Thuc. 2, 18; Ar. Vesp. 558; Dem. 19, 90. – 4) Am gewöhnlichsten bezeichnet διά c. accusat. die Ursache, » wegen«, »um – willen«, und dies ist in Attischer Prosa der regelmäßige Gebrauch von διά c. accusat.; der Unterschied von ἕνεκα besteht darin, daß dieses den Zweck angiebt, die Absicht; also z. B. πολέμου ἕνεκα = »damit Krieg sei«, διὰ τὸν πόλεμον = »weil Krieg ist (war, sein wird)«. Hom. Iliad. 15, 41 μὴ δι' ἐμὴν ἰότητα Ποσειδάων πημαίνει Τρῶάς τε καὶ Ἕκτορα, τοῖσι δ' ἀρήγει, ἀλλά που αὐτὸν ϑυμὸς ἐποτρύνει καὶ ἀνώγει, mein Wille ist nicht die Ursache, ich bin nicht schuld; Od. 19, 523. 154; τῷ δι' ἀτασϑαλίας ἔπαϑον κακόν, wegen ihrer Frevel, Od. 23, 67; so bes. in Prosa διὰ τί, weswegen?, warum?, διὰ ταῦτα, deswegen, διὰ τό seq. inf. u. acc. c. inf. Bei Arist. Nic. Eth. 10, 2, 2 entspricht dem δι' ἕτερον μηδὲ ἑτέρου χάριν αἱρεῖσϑαίτι nachher τίνος ἕνεκα. – Homer setzt für διά mit dem accusat. in der Bdtg »wegen«, »um – willen« auch den dativ. ohne praeposit.: Iliad. 5, 875 σοὶ πάντες μαχόμεσϑα· σὺ γὰρ τέκες ἄφρονα κούρην, οὐλομένὴν, ᾗ τ' αἰὲν ἀήσυλα ἔργα μέμηλεν, Scholl. Aristonic. ἡ διπλῆ, ὅτι ἀντὶ τοῦ διὰ σέ ; Odyss. 9, 19 εἴμ' Ὀδυσεὺς Λαερτιάδης, ὃς πᾶσι δόλοισιν ἀνϑρώποισι μέλω, Scholl. παρεῖται ἡ διά, καὶ ἡ δοτικὴ ἀντὶ αἰτιατικῆς κεῖται· διὰ δόλους γὰρ μέλω. ὅμοιόν ἐστι τῷ »σοὶ πάντες μαχόμεϑα ( Iliad. 5, 875)«, τουτέστι διὰ σέ.

Dem regierten Worte findet sich διά nachgestellt, z. B. ὅντε διά Hes. O. 3. φρυκτωρῶν διὰ πεισϑεῖσα Aesch. Ag. 590, ἣν διὰ πολλὰ παϑών Hermesianax bei Ath. XIII, 597 e; anastrophirt wird aber διά nicht, s. Lehrs Quaest. ep. p. 73.

In Zusammensetzungen bezeichnet διά 1) Bewegung u. Verbreitung in Raum u. Zeit, διαγίγνεσϑαι, διαφαίνω, bes. bis zum Ziel hindurch führen, διατελέω, διαπράττω, übh. Verstärkung des simplex, διαφϑείρω. – 2) Trennung. zer-, auseinander, διαιρεῖν, διαλύειν, διαγιγνώσκω. – 3) Wetteifer, Wechselwirkung, mit-, untereinander, διαλέγομαι, διαδικάζεσϑαι, διαφιλοτιμέομαι, u. daher Auszeichnung, διαφέρειν, διαπρέπειν, – 4) Mischung, διάλευκος, διάχρυσος.

Das ι ist zu Anfang des Verses bei Hom. einigemal lang, Il. 3, 357. 4, 135. 7, 251. 11, 435; α ist in der Vershebung lang, wofür Aesch. διαί sagt.

Griechisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > διά
12 δια

    I.

     διά

     δῐά

     (ᾰ) (у Hom. в начале стиха in arsi ῑ)

    1) praep. cum gen.

    (1) через, сквозь

     (διὰ θώρηκος Hom.; διὰ τοῦ ὀρόφου Xen.; διὰ τοῦ ὕδατος Plat.)

    δι΄ ὄμματος λείβων δάκρυον Soph. — проливая слезы из глаз;

    αἱ αἰσθήσεις αἱ διὰ τῶν ῥινῶν Plat. — обонятельные ощущения;

    τὰ διὰ στόματος ἡδέα Xen. — вкусовые наслаждения;

    διὰ τύχης τοιᾶσδ΄ ἰών Soph. — оказавшись в таком положении

    (2) через, по

     (διὰ πεδίοιο Hom.; διὰ θαλάσσας Pind. - ср. 8; ὅ Ἴστρος ῥέει δι΄ οἰκευμένης Her.)

    θόρυβος διὰ τῶν τάξεων ἰών Xen. — шум, проносящийся по рядам;

    τὸ διὰ πασῶν (sc. χορδῶν) муз. Plat., Arst.; — октава (досл. через все струны)

    (3) через, на расстоянии

    δι΄ ἄλλων εἴκοσι σταδίων Her. — еще через двадцать стадиев;

    διὰ πολλοῦ Thuc. — на большом расстоянии;

    δι΄ ἐγγυτάτου Thuc. — с ближайшего расстояния, перен. ближайшим образом, непосредственно;

    διὰ τριήκοντα δόμων πλίνθου Her. — через каждые тридцать рядов кирпичной кладки

    (4) через, по прошествии

     διὰ χρόνου Plat., Xen.; — по истечении некоторого времени;

    διὰ χρόνου πολλοῦ Her., διὰ πολλοῦ χρόνου Arph., διὰ μακρῶν χρόνων Plat. или διὰ μακροῦ Luc. — спустя долгое время;

    διὰ πεντετηρίδος Her. или δι΄ ἔτους πέμπτου Arph. — через (каждые) пять лет, т.е. раз в пятилетие;

    δι΄ ἐνιαυτοῦ или δι΄ ἔτους Xen. — ежегодно;

    διὰ τρίτης (sc. ἡμέρας) Arst. — по истечении трех дней

    (5) в течение, в продолжение

    δι΄ (ὅλης) τῆς νυκτός Her., Xen.; — в течение (всей) ночи;

    διὰ παντὸς τοῦ χρόνου Her., δι΄ ὅλου τοῦ αἰῶνος Thuc. или δι΄ αἰῶνος Soph. — постоянно, всегда;

    διὰ παντός Aesch. и διὰ τέλους Lys. (ср. 9) — навсегда:

    διὰ (παντὸς) βόυ Plat., Arst., Plut.; — в течение (всей) жизни;

    ἡμεῖς διὰ προγόνων Polyb. — мы и все наши предки

    (6) между, среди

     (διὰ μήλων κεῖσθαι Hom.)

    διὰ πολλῶν τε καὴ δεινῶν πραγμάτων σεσωσμένοι Xen. — спасшись от множества опасностей

    (7) (пре)выше, сверх

    (τιμᾶν δι΄ ἀνθρώπων τινά Pind.)

    εὐδοκιμέων διὰ πάντων Her. — прославившийся больше всех;

    διὰ πάντων τελεσιουργός Plut. — в высшей степени успешный

    (8) вдоль

     (διὰ τοῦ λόφου Xen.)

    ἥ χηλέ διὰ τῆς θαλάσσης Thuc. — дамба, идущая вдоль морского берега (ср. 2)

    (9) вплоть до

     διὰ τέλους τὸ πᾶν Aesch. — все до конца;

    ταὐτὰ ἀκηκοότες καὴ ἀκούοντες διὰ τέλους Xen. — слышавшие и до сих пор слышащие то же самое (ср. 5)

    (10) посредством, с помощью

     διὰ χειρῶν (χερῶν) или διὰ χειρός Soph., Arst., Plut.; — руками или в руках;

    διὰ στόματος ἔχειν τινά Xen., Plut.; — постоянно говорить о ком-л.;

    διὰ μνημης ἔχειν Luc. — хранить в памяти, помнить;

    λέγοντες δι΄ ἀγγέλων Her. — уведомив через гонцов;

    δι΄ ἑρμηνέως Xen. — через переводчика;

    διὰ βασιλέων πεφυκώς Xen. — потомок царей;

    δι΄ ἑαυτοῦ Xen., Dem.; — собственными средствами, самостоятельно;

    τὰ γεγραμμένα διὰ τέχνης Arst. — произведения живописи, рисунки, картины;

    διὰ τριῶν τρόπων Arst. — тремя способами, трояко

    (11) ( при указании на материал) из

    δι΄ ἐλέφαντος καὴ χρυσοῦ Diod. — из слоновой кости и золота;

    δι΄ ἀλφίτου καὴ σπονδῆς πεποιημέναι θυσίαι Plut. — жертвоприношения из ячменя и возлияний

    (12) из-за, ради

     (διὰ τῶν οἰκτιρμῶν τοῦ θεοῦ NT.)

    (13) из-за, вследствие, по причине

     (πεσεῖν ἀλλοτρίας διὰ γυναικός Aesch.)

    δι΄ ὧνπερ ὤλετο Soph. — (руки), от которых он погиб

    (14) в состоянии (часто перев. наречием или глагольным оборотом)

     διὰ μέθης Plat. — в состоянии опьянения;

    δι΄ ὀργῆς Soph. — в гневе:

    δι΄ ἡσυχίης Her. — в покое;

    δι΄ ἀκριβείας Plat., Arst.; — старательно, тщательно;

    διὰ παντὸς πολέμου ἰέναι τινί Xen. — объявить кому-л. беспощадную пойну;

    διὰ μάχης ἐλθεῖν τινι Eur. — вступить в бой с кем-л.;

    διὰ λόγων τινὴ ξυγγίγνεσθαι Plat. — вступать в беседу с кем-л.;

    διὰ γλώσσης ἰέναι Eur. — говорить, рассказывать;

    διὰ οὐδενὸς ποιεῖσθαί τι Soph. — не придавать никакого значения чему-л., ни во что не ставить;

    δι΄ αἰτάς ἔχειν τινά Thuc. — обвинять кого-л.;

    δι΄ αἰδοῦς ὄμμα ἔχειν Eur. — стыдливо потупить взгляд;

    διὰ τάχους Soph. и διὰ ταχέων Xen., Arst.; — поспешно;

    διὰ βραχέων Isocr. — кратко, сжато;

    διὰ μακρῶν Plat. — пространно;

    διὰ μιᾶς γνώμης Isocr. — единодушно;

    διὰ δικαιοσύνης ἰέναι Plat. — блюсти справедливость;

    γίγνεσθαι δι΄ ἀπεχθείας Xen. или δι΄ ἔχθρας Arph. — враждовать;

    δι΄ οἴκτου λαβεῖν τι Eur. — сжалиться над чем-л.

    2) praep. cum acc.

    (1) через, сквозь

     ἓξ δὲ διὰ πτύχας ἦλθε χαλκός Hom. — сквозь шесть слоев (кожи) прошла медь

    (2) через, по

     (ἐπὴ χθόνα καὴ διὰ πόντον Pind.; διὰ κῦμα ἅλιον Aesch. и διὰ πόντιον κῦμα Eur.)

    (3) через, поперек

     (διὰ τάφρον ἐλαύνειν Hom.)

    (4) вдоль

    (ἐν σπηεσσι δι΄ ἄκριας Hom.)

    (5) в течение, в продолжение

     (διὰ νύκτα Hom.)

    (6) через, посредством, при помощи

    (νικῆσαι δι΄ Ἀθηνην Hom.; σώζεσθαι διά τινα Xen.; διά τινα βελτίονα γενέσθαι Plat.)

    (7) вследствие, по причине, из-за

     (Ἀθηναίης διὰ βουλάς Hom.)

    δι΄ ἀφραδίας Hom. — по неразумию;

    δι΄ ἔνδειαν Xen. — из нужды;

    διὰ τοῦτο или διὰ ταῦτα Thuc., Xen., Plat.; — по этой причине, поэтому;

    διὰ τί ; Plat. — почему?, отчего?;

    διὰ πολλά Xen. — в силу многих обстоятельств;

    διὰ τύχην καὴ διὰ τὸ αὐτόματον Arst. — случайно и самопроизвольно;

    τὸ διὰ τί (= τὸ αἴτιον) Arst. — действующая причина;

    δι΄ ἐπιορκίαν Arst. — из боязни нарушить клятву;

    εἰ μέ διὰ τἠν ἐκείνου μέλλησιν Thuc. — если бы не его медлительность;

    εἰ μέ διὰ τὸν πρύτανιν Plat. — если бы не вмешался притан;

    εἰ μέ διὰ τούτους Dem. — если бы они не помешали

    II.

     δῖα

    δῖα, δία

    f к δῖος См. διος

Древнегреческо-русский словарь > δια
13 διά

διά, poet. [full] διαί ([dialect] Aeol. [full] ζά, q.v.), Prep. governing gen. and acc.— Rad. sense,

A through; never anastroph. [Prop. δῐᾰ: but Hom. uses [pron. full] ῑ at the beginning of a line, Il.3.357, 4.135, al.: also ᾱ, metri gr., freq. in Hom., for which A. uses [full] διαί in lyr., Ag. 448, al.]

A WITH GEN.

I of Place or Space:

1 of motion in a line, from one end to the other, right through, in Hom. freq. of the effect of weapons, διὰ μὲν ἀσπίδος ἦλθε.. ἔγχος καὶ διὰ θώρηκος.. Il. 3.357
; δουρὶ βάλεν Δάμασον κυνέης διά 12.183
; δι' ὤμου.. ἔγχος ἦλθεν 4.481
; in Prose, τιτρώσκειν διὰ τοῦ θώρακος X.An.1.8.26
; διὰ τοῦ ὀρόφου ἐφαίνετο πῦρ ib.7.4.16: also of persons, διὰ Σκαιῶν πεδίονδ' ἔχον ὠκέας ἵππους out through the Scaean gate, Il.3.263; δι' ἠέρος αἰθέρ' ἵκανεν quite through the lower air even to the ether, Il.14.288, cf. 2.458; διὰ Τρώων πέτετο straight through them, 13.755; δι' ὄμματος.. λείβων δάκρυον S.OC 1250
, etc.: also in Compos. with πρό and ἐκ, v. διαπρό, διέκ: in adverbial phrases, διὰ πασῶν (sc. χορδῶν), v. διαπασῶν:
διὰ πάσης
throughout, Th.1.14
;
διὰ κενῆς
idly, Id.4.126
, etc. (cf.111.1.c).

2 of motion through a space, but not in a line, throughout, ouer, ἑπόμεσθα διὰ πεδίοιο Il.11.754
; δι' ὄρεσφι 10.185
, al.; ὀδύνη διὰ χροὸς ἦλθε through all his frame, 11.398; τεῦχε βοὴν διὰ ἄστεος Od.10.118
; δι' ὁμίλου Il.6.226
, etc.; θορύβου διὰ τῶν τάξεων ἰόντος X.An.1.8.16
, cf. 2.4.26, etc.; later, in quoting an authority,
ἱστορεῖ δ. τῆς δευτέρας
in the course of.., Ath.10.438b
.

3 in the midst of, Il.9.468; κεῖτο τανυσσάμενος δ. μήλων Od.9.298
; between, δ. τῶν πλευρέων ταμόντα Hp.Morb.2.61
: hence, of pre-eminence, ἔπρεπε καὶ δ. πάντων Il.12.104
; τετίμακε δι' ἀνθρώπων Pi.I.4(3).37
; εὐδοκιμέοντι δ. πάντων Hdt.6.63
, cf. 1.25, etc.

4 in Prose, sts. of extension, along, παρήκει δ. τῆσδε τῆς θαλάσσης ἡ ἀκτή Id.4.39
(but πέταται δ. θαλάσσας across the sea, Pi.N.6.48); λόφος, δι' οὗ τὸ σταύρωμα περιεβέβληντο X.HG7.4.22
.

5 in Prose, of Intervals of Space, δ. τριήκοντα δόμων at intervals of thirty layers, i. e. after every thirtieth layer, Hdt.1.179; δ. δέκα ἐπάλξεων at every tenth battlement, Th.3.21; cf. infr. 11.3: of a single interval, δ. πέντε σταδίων at a distance of five stades, Hdt.7.30, cf. 198; δ. τοσούτου μᾶλλον ἢ δ. πολλῶν ἡμερῶν ὁδοῦ at so short a distance, etc., Th.2.29; δ. πολλοῦ at a great distance apart, Id.3.94; δ. πλείστου Id.2.97
; δι' ἐλάσσονος Id.3.51
; ὕδατα δ. μακροῦ ἀλόμενα Hp.
Aër.9, etc.

II of Time,

1 of duration from one end of a period to the other, throughout, δ. παντὸς [τοῦ χρόνου] Hdt.9.13; δι' ὅλου τοῦ αἰῶνος Th.1.70
; δι' αἰῶνος S.El. 1024
; δι' ἡμέρας ὅλης Ar. Pax 27
; δι' ὅλης τῆς νυκτός X.An.4.2.4
, etc.: without an Adj., δι' ἡμέρης all day long, Hdt.1.97; δ. νυκτός Th.2.4
, X.An.4.6.22 (but δ. νυκτός in the course of the night, by night, Act.Ap.5.19, PRyl.138.15 (i A. D.), etc.); δ. νυκτὸς καὶ ἡμέρας Pl.R. 343b
; δι' ἐνιαυτοῦ, δι' ἔτους, Ar.Fr.569.8, V. 1058; δ. βίου Pl.Smp. 183e
, etc.;
δ. τέλους
from beginning to end, A.Pr. 275
, Pl.R. 519c, etc.: with Adjs. alone,
δ. παντός
continually, A.Ch. 862
(lyr.), etc.; δι' ὀλίγου for a short time, Th.1.77; δ. μακροῦ E.Hec. 320
; ὁ δ. μέσου χρόνος Hdt. 8.27
.

2 of the interval which has passed between two points of Time, δ. χρόνου πολλοῦ or δ. πολλοῦ χρ. after a long time, Id.3.27, Ar.Pl. 1045; δ. μακρῶν χρόνων Pl.Ti. 22d
: without an Adj., δ. χρόνου after a time, S.Ph. 758, X.Cyr.1.4.28, etc.; δι' ἡμερῶν after several days, Ev.Marc.2.1; and with Adjs. alone, δι' ὀλίγου Th.5.14
; οὐ δ. μακροῦ Id.6.15
,91; δ. πολλοῦ Luc.Nigr.2
, etc.: with Numerals, δι' ἐτέων εἴκοσι Hdt.6.118
, cf. OGI56.38 (iii B. C.), etc.: but δ. τῆς ἑβδόμης till the seventh day, Luc.Hist.Conscr.21: also distributively, χρόνος δ. χρόνου προὔβαινε time after time, S.Ph. 285; ἄλλος δι' ἄλλου E.Andr. 1248
.

3 of successive Intervals, δ. τρίτης ἡμέρης every other day, Hdt.2.37; δ. τρίτου ἔτεος ib.4, etc.; δ. πεντετηρίδος every four years (with inclusive reckoning), Id.3.97; δι' ἔτους πέμπτου, of the Olympic games, Ar.Pl. 584 (but δι' ἑνδεκάτου ἔτεος in the course of the eleventh year, Hdt.1.62).

III causal, through, by,

a of the Agent, δι' ἀλλέλων or -ου ἐπικηρυκεύεσθαι, ποιεῖσθαι, by the mouth of.., Id.1.69,6.4, cf. 1.113; δι' ἑρμηνέως λέγειν X.An.2.3.17
, etc.; τὸ ῥηθὲν ὑπὸ Κυρίου δ. τοῦ προφήτου Ev.Matt.1.22
; δι' ἑκόντων ἀλλ' οὐ δ. βίας ποιεῖσθαι Pl.Phlb. 58b
; πεσόντ' ἀλλοτρίας διαὶ γυναικός by her doing, A.Ag. 448 (lyr.); ἐκ θεῶν γεγονὼς δ. βασιλέων πεφυκώς X.Cyr.7.2.24
; δι' ἑαυτοῦ ποιεῖν τι of oneself, not by another's agency, ib.1.1.4, etc.; but also, by oneself alone, unassisted, D.15.14, cf. 22.38.

b of the Instrument or Means, δ. χειρῶν by hand (prop. by holding between the hands), δι' ὁσίων χ. θιγών S. OC 470
; also δ. χερῶν λαβεῖν, δ. χειρὸς ἔχειν in the hand, Id.Ant. 916, 1258 (but τὰ τῶν ξυμμάχων δ. χειρὸς ἔχειν to keep a firm hand on, Th.2.13); δ. στέρνων ἔχειν S.Ant. 639
; ἡ ἀκούουσα πηγὴ δι' ὤτων Id.OT 1387
; δ. στόματος ἔχειν X.Cyr.1.4.25
; δ. μνήμης ἔχειν Luc.Cat.9
; αἱ δ. τοῦ σώματος ἡδοναί X.Mem.1.5.6
; δ. λόγων συγγίγνεσθαι to hold intercourse by word, Pl.Plt. 272b; δ. λόγου ἀπαγγέλλειν Act.Ap.15.27
; δι' ἐπιστολῶν 2 Ep.Cor.10.9
, POxy. 1070.15 (iii A. D.).

c of Manner (where διά with its Noun freq. serves as an Adv.), δ. μέθης ποιήσασθαι τὴν συνουσίαν Pl.Smp. 176e
; παίω δι' ὀργῆς through passion, in passion, S.OT 807; δ. τάχους, = ταχέως, Id.Aj. 822, Th.1.63 (but δ. ταχέων ib.80, al.); δ. σπουδῆς in haste, hastily, E.Ba. 212; δι' αἰδοῦς with reverence, respectfully, ib. 441; δ. ψευδῶν ἔπη lying words, Id.Hel. 309; αἱ δ. καρτερίας ἐπιμέλειαι long-continued exertions, X.Mem.2.1.20; δι' ἀκριβείας, δ. πάσης ἀκρ., Pl.Ti. 23d, Lg. 876c; δ. σιγῆς Id.Grg. 450c
; δ. ξυμφορῶν ἡ ξύμβασις ἐγένετο Th.6.10
; οὐ δι' αἰνιγμάτων, ἀλλ' ἐναργῶς γέγραπται Aeschin.3.121
; δι' αἵματος, οὐ δ. μέλανος τοὺς νόμους ὁ Δράκων ἔγραψεν Plu.Sol.17
: also with Adjs., δ. βραχέων, δ. μακρῶν τοὺς λόγους ποιεῖσθαι, Isoc.14.3, Pl.Grg. 449b; ἀποκρίνεσθαι δ. βραχυτάτων ibid. d; cf. infr. IV.

2 in later Prose, of Material out of which a thing is made, κατασκευάζειν εἴδωλα δι' ἐλέφαντος καὶ χρυσοῦ D.S.17.115
; θυσίαι δι' ἀλφίτου καὶ σπονδῆς πεποιημέναι Plu.Num.8
; βρώματα δ. μέλιτος καὶ γάλακτος γιγνόμενα Ath.14.646e
; οἶνος δ. βουνίου Dsc. 5.46
.

IV διά τινος ἔχειν, εἶναι, γίγνεσθαι, to express conditions or states, ἀγὼν διὰ πάσης ἀγωνίης ἔχων extending through every kind of contest, Hdt.2.91; δι' ἡσυχίης εἶναι Id.1.206
; δι' ὄχλου εἶναι to be troublesome, Ar.Ec. 888; δ. φόβου εἶναι Th.6.59
; δι' ἀπεχθείας γίγνεσθαι X.Hier.9.2
; ἡ ἐπιμέλεια δ. χάριτος γίγνεται ibid.; δ. μιᾶς γνώμης γίγνεσθαι Isoc.4.138
.

b with Verbs of motion, δ. μάχης ἐλεύσονται will engage in battle, Hdt.6.9; ἐλθεῖν Th.4.92
; δ. παντὸς πολέμου, δ. φιλίας ἰέναι τινί, X.An.3.2.8; δ. δίκης ἰέναι τινί go to law with.., S.Ant. 742, cf. Th.6.60; δ. τύχης ἰέναι S.OT 773
; δι' ὀργῆς ἥκειν Id.OC 905
; ἐμαυτῷ δ. λόγων ἀφικόμην I held converse with myself, E.Med. 872; δ. λόγων, δ. γλώσσης ἰέναι come to open speech, Id.Tr. 916, Supp. 112; δ. φιλημάτων ἰέναι come to kissing, Id.Andr. 416; δ. δικαιοσύνης ἰέναι καὶ σωφροσύνης Pl.Prt. 323a
, etc.; δ. πυρὸς ἰέναι (v. πῦρ): in pass. sense, δι' ἀπεχθείας ἐλθεῖν τινι to be hated by.., A.Pr. 121 (anap.).

c with trans. Verbs, δι' αἰτίας ἔχειν or ἄγειν τινά hold in fault, Th.2.60, Ael.VH9.32; δι' ὀργῆς ἔχειν τινά Th.2.37
, etc.; δ. φυλακῆς ἔχειν τι Id.7.8
; δι' οἴκτου ἔχειν τινά, δι' αἰσχύνης ἔχειν τι, E.Hec. 851, IT 683; δ. πένθους τὸ γῆρας διάγειν X.Cyr.4.6.6
; δι' οὐδενὸς ποιεῖσθαί τι S.OC 584
.

B WITH Acc.

I of Place, only Poet., in same sense as διά c. gen.:

1 through, ἓξ δὲ δ. πτύχας ἦλθε.. χαλκός Il.7.247
; ἤϊξε δ. δρυμὰ.. καὶ ὕλην 11.118
, cf. 23.122, etc.; δ. τάφρον ἐλαύνειν across it, 12.62; δ. δώματα ποιπνύοντα 1.600
; ἐπὶ χθόνα καὶ δ. πόντον βέβακεν Pi.I.4(3).41
; φεύγειν δ. κῦμ' ἅλιον A.Supp.14
(anap.).

2 through, among, in, οἴκεον δι' ἄκριας Od.9.400
; ἄραβος δὲ δ. στόμα γίγνετ' ὀδόντων Il.10.375
(but μῦθον, ὃν.. δ. στόμα.. ἄγοιτο through his mouth, 14.91; so δ. στόμα ὄσσαν ἱεῖσαι Hes.Th.65
; ἀεὶ γὰρ ἡ γυνή σ' ἔχει δ. στόμα Ar.Lys. 855
); δ. κρατερὰς ὑσμίνας Hes.Th. 631
; νόμοι δι' αἰθέρα τεκνωθέντες S.OT 867
(lyr.).

II of Time, also Poet., δ. νύκτα Il.2.57
, etc.; δ. γλυκὺν ὕπνον during sweet sleep, Mosch.4.91.

III causal:

1 of persons, thanks to, by aid of, νικῆσαι δ... Ἀθήνην Od.8.520
, cf. 13.121; δ. δμῳὰς.. εἷλον 19.154
; δ. σε by thy fault or service, S.OC 1129, Ar.Pl. 145, cf. 160, 170: in Prose, by reason of, on account of, δ' ἡμᾶς Th.1.41
, cf. X.An.7.6.33, D.18.249; οὐ δι' ἐμαυτόν And.1.144
; so εἰ μὴ διά τινα if it had not been for.., εἰ μὴ δι' ἄνδρας ἀγαθούς Lys.12.60
; Μιλτιάδην εἰς τὸ βάραθρον ἐμβαλεῖν ἐψηφίσαντο, καὶ εἰ μὴ δ. τὸν πρύτανιν ἐνέπεσεν ἄν Pl.Grg. 516e
, cf. D.19.74; εἰ μὴ δ. τὴν ἐκείνου μέλλησιν Th.2.18
, cf. Ar.V. 558; πλέον' ἔλπομαι λόγον Ὀδυσσέος ἢ πάθαν γενέσθαι δι' Ὅμηρον Pi.N.7.21
.

2 of things, to express the Cause, Occasion, or Purpose, δι' ἐμὴν ἰότητα because of my will, Il.15.41; Διὸς μεγάλου δ. βουλάς Od.8.82
; δι' ἀφραδίας for, through want of thought, 19.523; δι' ἀτασθαλίας 23.67
; δι' ἔνδειαν by reason of poverty, X. An.7.8.6; δ. καῦμα, δ. χειμῶνα, ib.1.7.6; δι' ἄγνοιαν καὶ ἀμαθίαν Pl. Prt. 360b
, etc.: freq. also with neut. Adjs., δ. τί; wherefore?; δ. τοῦτο, δ. ταῦτα on this account; δι' ὅ, δι' ἅ on which account; δ. πολλά for many reasons, etc.

3 = ἕνεκα, to express Purpose, δἰ ἀχθηδόνα for the sake of vexing, Th.4.40, cf. 5.53; δ. τὴν τούτου σαφήνειαν with a view to clearing this up, Pl.R. 524c, cf. Arist.EN 1172b21; αὐτή δι' αὑτήν for its own sake, Pl.R. 367b, etc.

C WITHOUT CASE as Adv. throughout, δ. πρό (v. supr. A.I.I); δ. δ' ἀμπερές Il.11.377
.

D IN COMPOS.:

I through, right through, of Space, διαβαίνω, διέχω, διιππεύω.

II in different directions, as in διαπέμπω, διαφορέω; of separation, asunder, διαιρέω, διαλύω; of difference or disagreement, at variance, διαφωνέω, διαφέρω; or simply mutual relation, one with another, διαγωνίζομαι, διάδω, διαθέω, διαπίνω, διαφιλοτιμέομαι.

III pre-eminence, διαπρέπω, διαφέρω.

IV completion, to the end, utterly, διεργάζομαι, διαμάχομαι, διαπράττω, διαφθείρω: of Time, διαβιόω.

V to add strength, thoroughly, out and out, διαγαληνίζω, etc.; cf. ζά.

VI of mixture, between, partly, esp. in Adj., as διάλευκος, διάχρυσος, διάχλωρος, etc.

VII of leaving an interval or breach, διαλείπω, διαναπαύω. (Cogn. with δύο, δίς.)

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > διά
14 ἀμέρδω

ἀμέρδω [pron. full] [ᾰ], [tense] fut.

A - σω Orph.L. 169
: [tense] aor. ἤμερσα, poet. ἄμ- (v. infr.):— [voice] Pass., [tense] aor. ἠμέρθην (v. infr.).—[dialect] Ep., rarely in Trag., never in [dialect] Att. Prose:—deprive, bereave one of something properly belonging to one, c. acc. pers. et gen. rei, ὀφθαλμῶν μὲν ἄμερσε Od.8.64
(v. l.); εὖτ' ἂν δὴ Κύκνον γλυκερῆς αἰῶνος ἀμέρσῃς Hes.Sc. 331
, cf. Simon.117; εἰ μὴ στάσις.. σ' ἄμερσε πάτρας Pi.O.12.16
: also c. dupl. acc. pers. et rei, τιμὴν ἤμερσεν Ὀλύμπια δώματ' ἔχοντας h.Cer. 312
: also c. acc. et dat., ὀφθαλμῶν σέλας ἤμερσε βροτοῖσιν Man.6.550
:—[voice] Pass., to be bereft of, φίλης αἰῶνος ἀμερθῇς Il.22.58
; οὐδέ τι δαιτὸς ἀμέρδεαι Od.21.290
; τὸ ἧπαρ τῆς ἐκροῆς ἀμερθέν Aret.CA2.6
, cf. Hierocl. in CA24p.470M.: rarely c. acc. rei, ἂν.. καρπὸν ἀμερθῶσι Thphr.HP9.8.2
.

2 c. acc. pers. only, bereave of natural rights, τὸν ὁμοῖον ἀμέρσαι Il.16.53
; ὄσσε δ' ἄμερδεν αὐγὴ χαλκείη blinded the eyes, ib.13.340, cf. Hes.Th. 698;
ἔντεα πατρὸς καλά, τὰ.. καπνὸς ἀμέρδει
robs of their lustre, tarnishes, Od.19.18
.

3 [voice] Act. in pass. sense, lose, βίον E.Hec. 1027
(lyr.).

II later, = ἀμέργω, pluck, λειμώνιον ἄνθος ἀμέρσας (cj. Scalig.) AP7.657 (Leon.). (ἀ- euph., cf. μέρδει.)

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἀμέρδω
15 Eternally

adv.

For ever: P. and V. ἀεί, Ar. and V. αἰέν, V. εἰσαεί, ἐσαεί, εἰς τὸ πᾶν χρόνου, διʼ αἰῶνος, τὸν διʼ αἰῶνος χρόνον, P. εἰς πάντα χρόνον, εἰς ἀΐδιον.

Continuously: P. συνεχῶς.

Eternally remembered, adj.: P. and V. ἀείμνηστος.

Woodhouse English-Greek dictionary. A vocabulary of the Attic language > Eternally
16 Ever

adv.

At any time: P. and V. ποτέ.

Always: P. and V. ἀεί, Ar. and V. αἰέν.

With relatives: P. and V. ποτέ, δή, P. δήποτε, δηποτοῦν.

Whosoever: Ar. and P. ὀστισοῦν; see Whoever.

Ever yet: P. and V. πώποτε.

For ever: P. and V. ἀεί, διὰ τέλους, V. εἰσαεί, ἐσαεί, εἰς τὸ πᾶν χρόνου, διʼ αἰῶνος, τὸν διʼ αἰῶνος χρόνον, P. εἰς πάντα χρόνον, εἰς ἀΐδιον, Ar. and V. αἰέν.

Be bolder than ever: P. αὐτοὶ ἑαυτῶν θαρραλεώτεροι εἶναι (Plat., Prot. 350^D).

Woodhouse English-Greek dictionary. A vocabulary of the Attic language > Ever
17 συντέλεια

συντέλεια, ας, ἡ (orig. ‘community contribution’ [the basic semantic component relates to someth. that complements someth. already present]; in various senses Pla., Demosth. et al.; ins, pap, LXX; En 106:18; TestSol; TestJob 4:6; Test12Patr; ApcEsdr 2:31 p. 26, 25 Tdf.; Aristobul., in Eus., PE 8, 10, 9[=Denis p. 219 ln. 11f; Holladay Fgm. 2, 55 p. 138]; Jos., Ant. 15, 389; 20, 262; Tat.; Ath., R. 12 p. 61, 31 ‘increment’; Theoph. Ant. 2, 31 [p. 176, 14] ‘posterity’) in our lit. only in a temporal sense: a point of time marking completion of a duration, completion, close, end (Polyb. 1, 3, 3; 1, 4, 3 al.; SIG 695, 13 [II B.C.]; POxy 1270, 42 [II A.D.] ς. τοῦ ἔτους; LXX; Iren. 1, 6, 1 [Harv. I 53, 2]) συντέλεια (τοῦ) αἰῶνος the end of the (present; αἰών 2a) age (TestBenj 11:3; TestJob 4:6) Mt 13:39f, 49; 24:3; 28:20. τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου of this age 13:40 v.l., 49 v.l. τῶν αἰώνων of the ages (TestLevi 10:2; Did., Gen. 115, 19. Cp. in gnostic speculation ς. καὶ ἐκπύρωσις τοῦ παντός Hippol., Ref. 9, 30, 8) Hb 9:26. τῶν καιρῶν (Da 9:27) Hv 3, 8, 9. τοῦ κόσμου Mt 13:49 D. ἐπʼ ἐσχάτων τῶν ἡμερῶν τῆς συντελείας in the last days of the consummation (of the age) Hs 9, 12, 3 (cp. TestZeb 9:9 καιρὸς συντελείας; ApcEsdr 2:31 τὴν ἡμέραν τῆς συντελείας; cp. ViJer 13).—DELG s.v. τέλος. M-M. TW.

Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > συντέλεια
18 υἱός

υἱός, οῦ, ὁ (Hom.+; loanw. in rabb.) prim. ‘son’

① a male who is in a kinship relationship either biologically or by legal action, son, offspring, descendant

ⓐ the direct male issue of a person, son τέξεται υἱόν Mt 1:21; GJs 14:2 (cp. Mel., P. 8, 53 ὡς γὰρ υἱὸς τεχθείς). Cp. Mt 1:23 (Is 7:14) and 25; 10:37 (w. θυγάτηρ); Mk 12:6a; Lk 1:13, 31, 57; 11:11; 15:11 (on this JEngel, Die Parabel v. Verlorenen Sohn: ThGl 18, 1926, 54–64; MFrost, The Prodigal Son: Exp. 9th ser., 2, 1924, 56–60; EBuonaiuti, Religio 11, ’35, 398–402); Ac 7:29; Ro 9:9 (cp. Gen 18:10); Gal 4:22 al. W. gen. Mt 7:9; 20:20f; 21:37ab; Mk 6:3; 9:17; Lk 3:2; 4:22; 15:19; J 9:19f; Ac 13:21; 16:1; 23:16; Gal 4:30abc (Gen 21:10abc); Js 2:21; AcPlCor 2:29. Also ἐγὼ Φαρισαῖός εἰμι υἱὸς Φαρισαίων Ac 23:6 is prob. a ref. to direct descent. μονογενὴς υἱός (s. μονογενής 1) Lk 7:12. ὁ υἱὸς ὁ πρωτότοκος (πρωτότοκος 1) 2:7.

ⓑ the immediate male offspring of an animal (Ps 28:1 υἱοὺς κριῶν; Sir 38:25. So Lat. filius: Columella 6, 37, 4) in our lit. only as foal ἐπὶ πῶλον υἱὸν ὑποζυγίου Mt 21:5 (cp. Zech 9:9 πῶλον νέον).

ⓒ human offspring in an extended line of descent, descendant, son Ἰωσὴφ υἱὸς Δαυίδ Mt 1:20 (cp. Jos., Ant. 11, 73); s. 2dα below. υἱοὶ Ἰσραήλ (Ἰσραήλ 1) Mt 27:9; Lk 1:16; Ac 5:21; 7:23, 37; 9:15; 10:36; Ro 9:27; 2 Cor 3:7, 13; Hb 11:22 al.; AcPlCor 2:32. οἱ υἱοὶ Λευί (Num 26:57) Hb 7:5. υἱὸς Ἀβραάμ Lk 19:9. υἱοὶ Ἀδάμ 1 Cl 29:2 (Dt 32:8). υἱοι Ῥουβήλ GJs 6:3.

ⓓ one who is accepted or legally adopted as a son (Herodian 5, 7, 1; 4; 5; Jos, Ant. 2, 263; 20, 150) Ac 7:21 (cp. Ex 2:10).—J 19:26.

② a pers. related or closely associated as if by ties of sonship, son, transf. sense of 1

ⓐ of a pupil, follower, or one who is otherw. a spiritual son (SIG 1169, 12 οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ θεοῦ=the pupils and helpers [40] of Asclepius; sim. Maximus Tyr. 4, 2c; Just., D. 86, 6 οἱ υἱοὶ τῶν προφητῶν.—Some combination w. παῖδες is the favorite designation for those who are heirs of guild-secrets or who are to perpetuate a skill of some kind: Pla., Rep. 3, 407e, Leg. 6, 769b; Dionys. Hal., Comp. Verbi 22 p. 102, 4 Us./Rdm. ῥητόρων παῖδες; Lucian, Anach. 19, Dial. Mort. 11, 1 Χαλδαίων π.=dream-interpreters, Dips. 5 ἱατρῶν π., Amor. 49; Himerius, Or. 48 [=Or. 14], 13 σοφῶν π.): the ‘sons’ of the Pharisees Mt 12:27; Lk 11:19. Peter says Μᾶρκος ὁ υἱός μου 1 Pt 5:13 (perh. w. a component of endearment; s. Μᾶρκος). As a familiar form of address by a cherished mentor Hb 12:5 (Pr 3:11; ParJer 5:28; 7:24). υἱοὶ καὶ θυγατέρες B 1:1.

ⓑ of the individual members of a large and coherent group (cp. the υἷες Ἀχαιῶν in Homer; also PsSol 2:3 οἱ υἱοὶ Ἰερουσαλήμ; Dio Chrys. 71 [21], 15; LXX) οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ λαοῦ μου 1 Cl 8:3 (scripture quot. of unknown origin). υἱοὶ γένους Ἀβραάμ Ac 13:26. οἱ υἱοὶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων (Gen 11:5; Ps 11:2, 9; 44:3; TestLevi 3:10; TestZeb 9:7; GrBar 2:4) the sons of men=humans (cp. dγ below) Mk 3:28; Eph 3:5; 1 Cl 61:2 (of the earthly rulers in contrast to the heavenly king).

ⓒ of one whose identity is defined in terms of a relationship with a person or thing

α. of those who are bound to a personality by close, non-material ties; it is this personality that has promoted the relationship and given it its character: son(s) of: those who believe are υἱοὶ Ἀβραάμ, because Abr. was the first whose relationship to God was based on faith Gal 3:7. In a special sense the devout, believers, are sons of God, i.e., in the light of the social context, people of special status and privilege (cp. PsSol 17:27; Just., D, 124, 1; Dio Chrys. 58 [75], 8 ὁ τοῦ Διὸς ὄντως υἱός; Epict. 1, 9, 6; 1, 3, 2; 1, 19, 9; Sextus 58; 60; 135; 376a; Dt 14:1; Ps 28:1; 72:15; Is 43:6 [w. θυγατέρες μου]; 45:11; Wsd 2:18; 5:5; 12:21 al.; Jdth 9:4, 13; Esth 8:12q; 3 Macc 6:28; SibOr 3, 702) Mt 5:45; Lk 6:35; Ro 8:14, 19 (‘Redeemer figures’ EFuchs, Die Freiheit des Glaubens, ’49, 108; against him EHommel in ThViat 4, ’52, 118, n. 26); 9:26 (Hos 2:1); 2 Cor 6:18 (w. θυγατέρες, s. Is 43:6 cited above); Gal 3:26 (cp. PsSol 17:27); 4:6a, 7ab (here the υἱός is the κληρονόμος and his opposite is the δοῦλος); Hb 2:10 (JKögel, Der Sohn u. die Söhne: Eine exeget. Studie zu Hb 2:5–18, 1904); 12:5–8 (in vs. 8 opp. νόθος, q.v.); Rv 21:7; 2 Cl 1:4; B 4:9. Corresp. there are sons of the devil (on this subj. cp. Hdb. on J 8:44) υἱὲ διαβόλου Ac 13:10. οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ πονηροῦ (masc.) Mt 13:38b. τοῦ υἱοῦ τοῦ ἐν Ἅιδου ApcPt Rainer. In υἱοί ἐστε τῶν φονευσάντων τοὺς προφήτας Mt 23:31 this mng. is prob. to be combined w. sense 1c. The expr. υἱοὶ θεοῦ Mt 5:9 looks to the future (s. Betz, SM ad loc.; cp. KKöhler, StKr 91, 1918, 189f). Lk 20:36a signifies a status akin to that of angels (Ps 88:7; θεῶν παῖδες as heavenly beings: Maximus Tyr. 11, 5a; 12a; 13, 6a.—Hierocles 3, 424 the ἄγγελοι are called θεῶν παῖδες; HWindisch, Friedensbringer-Gottessöhne: ZNW 24, 1925, 240–60, discounts connection w. angels and contends for the elevation of the ordinary followers of Jesus to the status of Alexander the Great in his role as an εἰρηνηποιός [cp. Plut., Mor. 329c]; for measured critique of this view s. Betz, SM 137–42.).

β. υἱός w. gen. of thing, to denote one who shares in it or who is worthy of it, or who stands in some other close relation to it, oft. made clear by the context; this constr. is prob. a Hebraism in the main, but would not appear barbaric (B-D-F §162, 6; Mlt-H. 441; Dssm., B p. 162–66 [BS 161–66]; PASA II 1884, no. 2 υἱὸς πόλεως [time of Nero; on this type of formulation SEG XXXIX, 1864]; IMagnMai 167, 5; 156, 12) οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου (αἰών 2a) Lk 16:8a (opp. οἱ υἱοί τοῦ φωτός vs. 8b); 20:34. τῆς ἀναστάσεως υἱοί (to Mediterranean publics the functional equivalent of ἀθάνατοι ‘immortals’; cp. ἀνάστασις 2b) 20:36b. υἱοὶ τῆς ἀνομίας (ἀνομία 1; cp. CD 6:15) Hv 3, 6, 1; ApcPt 1:3; τῆς ἀπειθείας (s. ἀπείθεια) Eph 2:2; 5:6; Col 3:6; τῆς ἀπωλείας ApcPt 1:2. ὁ υἱὸς τῆς ἀπωλείας of Judas the informer J 17:12 (cp. similar expressions in Eur., Hec. 425; Menand., Dyscolus 88f: s. FDanker, NTS 7, ’60/61, 94), of the end-time adversary 2 Th 2:3. υἱοὶ τῆς βασιλείας (βασιλεία 1bη; s. SEG XXXIX, 1864 for related expressions) Mt 8:12; 13:38a. υἱοὶ βροντῆς Mk 3:17 (s. Βοανηργές). υἱὸς γεέννης (s. γέεννα) Mt 23:15; τ. διαθήκης (PsSol 17:15) Ac 3:25; εἰρήνης Lk 10:6. υἱοὶ τοῦ νυμφῶνος (s. νυμφών) Mt 9:15; Mk 2:19; Lk 5:34. υἱὸς παρακλήσεως Ac 4:36 (s. Βαρναβᾶς). υἱοὶ (τοῦ) φωτός (Hippol., Ref. 6, 47, 4 in gnostic speculation) Lk 16:8b (opp. υἱοὶ τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου); J 12:36. υἱοὶ φωτός ἐστε καὶ υἱοὶ ἡμέρας 1 Th 5:5 (EBuonaiuti, ‘Figli del giorno e della luce’ [1 Th 5:5]: Rivista storico-critica delle Scienze teol. 6, 1910, 89–93).

ⓓ in various combinations as a designation of the Messiah and a self-designation of Jesus

α. υἱὸς Δαυίδ son of David of the Messiah (PsSol 17:21) Mt 22:42–45; Mk 12:35–37; Lk 20:41–44; B 12:10c. Specif. of Jesus as Messiah Mt 1:1a; 9:27; 12:23; 15:22; 20:30f; 21:9, 15; Mk 10:47f; Lk 18:38f.—WWrede, Jesus als Davidssohn: Vorträge u. Studien 1907, 147–77; WBousset, Kyrios Christos² 1921, 4, Rel.³ 226f; ELohmeyer, Gottesknecht u. Davidssohn ’45, esp. 68; 72; 77; 84; TNicklin, Gospel Gleanings ’50, 251–56; WMichaelis, Die Davidsohnschaft Jesu usw., in D. histor. Jesus u. d. kerygm. Christus, ed. Ristow and Matthiae, ’61, 317–30; LFisher, ECColwell Festschr. ’68, 82–97.

β. ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ, υἱὸς θεοῦ (the) Son of God (for the phrase s. JosAs 6:2 al. Ἰωσὴφ ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ; there is no undisputed evidence of usage as messianic title in pre-Christian Judaism [s. Dalman, Worte 219–24, Eng. tr. 268–89; Bousset, Kyrios Christos² 53f; EHuntress, ‘Son of God’ in Jewish Writings Prior to the Christian Era: JBL 54, ’35, 117–23]; cp. 4Q 246 col. 2, 1 [JFitzmyer, A Wandering Aramean ’79, 90–93; JCollins, BRev IX/3, ’93, 34–38, 57]. Among polytheists on the other hand, sons of the gods in a special sense [s. Just., A I, 21, 1f] are not only known to myth and legend, but definite historical personalities are also designated as such. Among them are famous wise men such as Pythagoras and Plato [HUsener, Das Weihnachtsfest² 1911, 71ff], and deified rulers, above all the Roman emperors since the time of Augustus [oft. in ins and pap: Dssm., B 166f=BS 166f, LO 294f=LAE 346f; Thieme 33]. According to Memnon [I B.C./ I A.D.]: 434 Fgm. 1, 1, 1 Jac., Clearchus [IV B.C.] carried his boasting so far as Διὸς υἱὸν ἑαυτὸν ἀνειπεῖν. Also, persons who were active at that time as prophets and wonder-workers laid claim to the title υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ, e.g. the Samaritan Dositheus in Origen, C. Cels. 6, 11; sim. an Indian wise man who calls himself Διὸς υἱός Arrian, Anab. 7, 2, 3; cp. Did., Gen. 213, 18 ὁ Ἀβρὰμ υἱὸς θεοῦ διὰ δικαιοσύνην. S. GWetter, ‘Der Sohn Gottes’ 1916; Hdb. exc. on J 1:34; s. also Clemen² 76ff; ENorden, Die Geburt des Kindes 1924, 75; 91f; 132; 156f; EKlostermann, Hdb. exc. on Mk 1:11 [4th ed. ’50]; M-JLagrange, Les origines du dogme paulinien de la divinité de Christ: RB 45, ’36, 5–33; HPreisker, Ntl. Zeitgesch. ’37, 187–208; HBraun, ZTK 54, ’57, 353–64; ANock, ‘Son of God’ in Paul. and Hellen. Thought: Gnomon 33, ’61, 581–90 [=Essays on Religion and the Anc. World II, ’72, 928–39]—originality in Paul’s thought): Ps 2:7 is applied to Jesus υἱός μου εἶ σύ, ἐγὼ σήμερον γεγέννηκά σε Lk 3:22 D; GEb 18, 37.—Ac 13:33; Hb 1:5a; 5:5; 1 Cl 36:4. Likew. Hos 11:1 (w. significant changes): Mt 2:15, and 2 Km 7:14: Hb 1:5b. The voice of God calls him ὁ υἱός μου ὁ ἀγαπητός (s. ἀγαπητός 1) at his baptism Mt 3:17; Mk 1:11; Lk 3:22; GEb 18, 37 and 39 and at the Transfiguration Mt 17:5; Mk 9:7; Lk 9:35 (here ἐκλελεγμένος instead of ἀγαπ.); 2 Pt 1:17. Cp. J 1:34. The angel at the Annunciation uses these expressions in referring to him: υἱὸς ὑψίστου Lk 1:32; GJs 11:3 and υἱὸς θεοῦ Lk 1:35 (Ar. 15, 1 ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ τοῦ ὑψίστου. Cp. Just., A I, 23, 2 μόνος ἰδίως υἱὸς τῷ θεῷ γεγέννηται). The centurion refers to him at the crucifixion as υἱὸς θεοῦ Mt 27:54; Mk 15:39; GPt 11:45; cp. vs. 46 (CMann, ET 20, 1909, 563f; JPobee, The Cry of the Centurion, A Cry of Defeat: CFDMoule Festschr. ’70, 91–102; EJohnson, JSNT 31, ’87, 3–22 [an indefinite affirmation of Jesus]). The high priest asks εἰ σὺ εἶ ὁ Χριστὸς ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ Mt 26:63 (DCatchpole, NTS 17, ’71, 213–26). Passers-by ask him to show that he is God’s Son 27:40; sim. the devil 4:3, 6; Lk 4:3, 9. On the other hand, evil spirits address him as the Son of God Mt 8:29; Mk 3:11; 5:7; Lk 4:41; 8:28; and disciples testify that he is Mt 14:33; 16:16. S. also Mk 1:1 (s. SLegg, Ev. Sec. Marc. ’35).—Jesus also refers to himself as Son of God, though rarely apart fr. the Fourth Gosp.: Mt 28:19 (the Risen Lord in the trinitarian baptismal formula); Mt 21:37f=Mk 12:6 (an allusion in the parable of the vinedressers).—Mt 27:43; Mk 13:32; Rv 2:18. The main pass. is the so-called Johannine verse in the synoptics Mt 11:27=Lk 10:22 (s. PSchmiedel, PM 4, 1900,1–22; FBurkitt, JTS 12, 1911, 296f; HSchumacher, Die Selbstoffenbarung Jesu bei Mt 11:27 [Lk 10:22] 1912 [lit.]; Norden, Agn. Th. 277–308; JWeiss, Heinrici Festschr. 1914, 120–29, Urchristentum 1917, 87ff; Bousset, Kyrios Christos² 1921, 45ff; EMeyer I 280ff; RBultmann, Gesch. d. synopt. Trad.² ’31, 171f; MDibelius, Die Formgeschichte des Evangeliums² ’33, 259; MRist, Is Mt 11:25–30 a Primitive Baptismal Hymn? JR 15, ’35, 63–77; TArvedson, D. Mysterium Christi: E. Studie zu Mt 11:25–30, ’37; WDavies, ‘Knowledge’ in the Dead Sea Scrolls and Mt 11:25–30, HTR 45, ’53, 113–39; WGrundmann, Sohn Gottes, ZNW 47, ’56, 113–33; JBieneck, Sohn Gottes als Christusbez. der Synopt. ’51; PWinter, Mt 11:27 and Lk 10:22: NovT 1, ’56, 112–48; JJocz, Judaica 13, ’57, 129–42; OMichel/OBetz, Von Gott Gezeugt, Beih. ZNW [Jeremias Festschr.] 26, ’60, 3–23 [Qumran]).—Apart fr. the synoptics, testimony to Jesus as the Son of God is found in many parts of our lit. Oft. in Paul: Ro 1:3, 4, 9; 5:10; 8:3, 29, 32; 1 Cor 1:9; 15:28; 2 Cor 1:19; Gal 1:16; 2:20; 4:4; Eph 4:13; Col 1:13; 1 Th 1:10. Cp. Ac 9:20. In Hb: 1:2, 8; 4:14; 5:8; 6:6; 7:3, 28; 10:29. In greatest frequency in John (cp. Herm. Wr. 1, 6 the Λόγος as υἱὸς θεοῦ. Likew. Philo, Agr. 51 πρωτόγονος υἱός, Conf. Lingu. 146 υἱὸς θεοῦ.—Theoph. Ant. 2, 1 [p. 154, 12] ὁ λόγος ὁ τοῦ θεοῦ, ὅς ἐστιν καὶ υἱὸς αὐτοῦ; Iren. 3, 12, 2 [Harv. II 55, 2]): J 1:49; 3:16–18 (s. μονογενής 2), 35f; 5:19–26; 6:40; 8:35f; 10:36; 11:4, 27; 14:13; 17:1; 19:7; 20:31; 1J 1:3, 7; 2:22–24; 3:8, 23; 4:9f, 14f; 5:5, 9–13, 20; 2J 3, 9.—B 5:9, 11; 7:2, 9; 12:8; 15:5; Dg 7:4; 9:2, 4; 10:2 (τὸν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ τὸν μονογενῆ; also ApcEsdr 6:16 p. 31, 22 Tdf.; ApcSed 9:1f); IMg 8:2; ISm 1:1; MPol 17:3; Hv 2, 2, 8; Hs 5, 2, 6 (ὁ υἱὸς αὐτοῦ ὁ ἀγαπητός); 8; 11; 5, 4, 1; 5, 5, 2; 3; 5; 5, 6, 1; 2; 4; 7 (on the Christology of the Shepherd s. Dibelius, Hdb. on Hs 5, also ALink and JvWalter [πνεῦμα 5cα]); Hs 8, 3, 2; 8, 11, 1. Cp. 9, 1, 1; 9, 12, 1ff.—In trinitarian formulas, in addition to Mt 28:19, also IMg 13:1; EpilMosq 5; D 7:1, 3.—The deceiver of the world appears w. signs and wonders ὡς υἱὸς θεοῦ D 16:4 (ApcEsdr 4:27 p. 28, 32 Tdf. ὁ λέγων• Ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ [of Antichrist]).—EKühl, Das Selbstbewusstsein Jesu 1907, 16–44; GVos, The Self-disclosure of Jesus 1926.—EBurton, ICC Gal 1921, 404–17; TNicklin, Gospel Gleanings ’50, 211–36; MHengel, The Son of God (tr. JBowden) ’76; DJones, The Title υἱὸς θεοῦ in Acts: SBLSP 24, ’85, 451–63.

γ. ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου lit. ‘the son of the man’ (the pl. form οἱ υἱοὶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων appears freq. in the LXX to render בְּנֵי אָדָם = mortals, e.g. Gen 11:5; Ps 10:4; 11:2; cp. ὁ υἱὸς τῆς ἀπολείας J 17:12 [s. 2cβ]) ‘the human being, the human one, the man’ in our lit. only as a byname in ref. to Jesus and in an exclusive sense the Human One, the Human Being, one intimately linked with humanity in its primary aspect of fragility yet transcending it, traditionally rendered ‘the Son of Man.’ The term is found predom. in the gospels, where it occurs in the synoptics about 70 times (about half as oft. if parallels are excluded), and in J 12 times (s. EKlostermann, Hdb. exc. on Mk 8:31). In every case the title is applied by Jesus to himself. Nowhere within a saying or narrative about him is it found in an address to him: Mt 8:20; 9:6; 10:23; 11:19; 12:8, 32, 40; 13:37, 41; 16:13, 27f; 17:9, 12, 22; 18:10 [11] v.l.; 19:28; 20:18, 28; 24:27, 30, 37, 39, 44; 25:13 v.l., 31; 26:2, 24ab, 45, 64; Mk 2:10, 28; 8:31, 38; 9:9, 12, 31; 10:33, 45; 13:26; 14:21ab, 41, 62; Lk 5:24; 6:5, 22; 7:34; 9:22, 26, 44, 56 v.l., 58; 11:30; 12:8, 10, 40; 17:22, 24, 26, 30; 18:8, 31; 19:10; 21:27, 36; 22:22, 48, 69; 24:7.—John (FGrosheide, Υἱὸς τ. ἀνθρ. in het Evang. naar Joh.: TSt 35, 1917, 242–48; HDieckmann, D. Sohn des Menschen im J: Scholastik 2, 1927, 229–47; HWindisch, ZNW 30, ’31, 215–33; 31, ’32, 199–204; WMichaelis, TLZ 85, ’60, 561–78 [Jesus’ earthly presence]) 1:51; 3:13, 14; 5:27 (BVawter, Ezekiel and John, CBQ 26, ’64, 450–58); 6:27, 53, 62; 8:28; 9:35; 12:23, 34; 13:31. Whether the component of fragility (suggested by OT usage in ref. to the brief span of human life and the ills to which it falls heir) or high status (suggested by traditions that appear dependent on Da 7:13, which refers to one ‘like a human being’), or a blend of the two dominates a specific occurrence can be determined only by careful exegesis that in addition to extra-biblical traditions takes account of the total literary structure of the document in which it occurs. Much neglected in the discussion is the probability of prophetic association suggested by the form of address Ezk 2:1 al. (like the OT prophet [Ezk 3:4–11] Jesus encounters resistance).—On Israelite thought contemporary w. Jesus and alleged knowledge of a heavenly being looked upon as a ‘Son of Man’ or ‘Man’, who exercises Messianic functions such as judging the world (metaph., pictorial passages in En 46–48; 4 Esdr 13:3, 51f) s. Bousset, Rel.³ 352–55; NMessel, D. Menschensohn in d. Bilderreden d. Hen. 1922; ESjöberg, Kenna 1 Henok och 4 Esra tanken på den lidande Människosonen? Sv. Ex. Årsb. 5, ’40, 163–83, D. Menschensohn im äth. Hen. ’46. This view is in some way connected w. Da 7:13; acc. to some it derives its real content fr. an eschatological tradition that ultimately goes back to Iran (WBousset, Hauptprobleme der Gnosis 1907, 160–223; Reitzenstein, Erlösungsmyst. 119ff, ZNW 20, 1921, 18–22, Mysterienrel.³ 418ff; Clemen² 72ff; CKraeling, Anthropos and Son of Man: A Study in the Religious Syncretism of the Hellenistic Orient 1927); acc. to this tradition the First Man was deified; he will return in the last times and usher in the Kingdom of God.—Outside the gospels: Ac 7:56 (v.l. τοῦ θεοῦ; GKilpatrick, TZ 21, ’65, 209); Rv 1:13; 14:14 (both after Da 7:13; sim. allusion to Da in Just., D. 31, 1). The quot. fr. Ps 8:5 in Hb 2:6 prob. does not belong here, since there is no emphasis laid on υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου. In IEph 20:2 Jesus is described as υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου καὶ υἱὸς θεοῦ. Differently B 12:10 Ἰησοῦς, οὐχὶ υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου ἀλλὰ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ Jesus, not a man’s son, but Son of God.—HLietzmann, Der Menschensohn 1896; Dalman, Worte 191–219 (Eng. tr., 234–67); Wlh., Einl.² 123–30; PFiebig, Der Menschensohn 1901; NSchmidt, The Prophet of Nazareth 1905, 94–134, Recent Study of the Term ‘Son of Man’: JBL 45, 1926, 326–49; FTillmann, Der Menschensohn 1907; EKühl, Das Selbstbewusstsein Jesu 1907, 65ff; HHoltzmann, Das messianische Bewusstsein Jesu, 1907, 49–75 (lit.), Ntl. Theologie² I 1911, 313–35; FBard, D. Sohn d. Menschen 1908; HGottsched, D. Menschensohn 1908; EAbbott, ‘The Son of Man’, etc., 1910; EHertlein, Die Menschensohnfrage im letzten Stadium 1911, ZNW 19, 1920, 46–48; JMoffatt, The Theology of the Gospels 1912, 150–63; WBousset, Kyrios Christos² 1921, 5–22 (the titles of the works by Wernle and Althaus opposing his first edition [1913], as well as Bousset’s answer, are found s.v. κύριος, end); DVölter, Jesus der Menschensohn 1914, Die Menschensohnfrage neu untersucht 1916; FSchulthess, ZNW 21, 1922, 247–50; Rtzst., Herr der Grösse 1919 (see also the works by the same author referred to above in this entry); EMeyer II 335ff; HGressmann, ZKG n.s. 4, 1922, 170ff, D. Messias 1929, 341ff; GDupont, Le Fils d’Homme 1924; APeake, The Messiah and the Son of Man 1924; MWagner, Der Menschensohn: NKZ 36, 1925, 245–78; Guillaume Baldensperger, Le Fils d’Homme: RHPR 5, 1925, 262–73; WBleibtreu, Jesu Selbstbez. als der Menschensohn: StKr 98/99, 1926, 164–211; AvGall, Βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ 1926; OProcksch, D. Menschensohn als Gottessohn: Christentum u. Wissensch. 3, 1927, 425–43; 473–81; CMontefiore, The Synoptic Gospels² 1927 I 64–80; ROtto, Reich Gottes u. Menschensohn ’34, Eng. tr. The Kgdm. of God and the Son of Man, tr. Filson and Woolf² ’43; EWechssler, Hellas im Ev. ’36, 332ff; PParker, The Mng. of ‘Son of Man’: JBL 60, ’41, 151–57; HSharman, Son of Man and Kingdom of God ’43; JCampbell, The Origin and Mng. of the Term Son of Man: JTS 48, ’47, 145–55; HRiesenfeld, Jésus Transfiguré ’47, 307–13 (survey and lit.); TManson, ConNeot 11, ’47, 138–46 (Son of Man=Jesus and his disciples in Mk 2:27f); GDuncan, Jesus, Son of Man ’47, 135–53 (survey); JBowman, ET 59, ’47/48, 283–88 (background); MBlack, ET 60, ’48f, 11–15; 32–36; GKnight, Fr. Moses to Paul ’49, 163–72 (survey); TNicklin, Gospel Gleanings ’50, 237–50; TManson (Da, En and gospels), BJRL 32, ’50, 171–93; TPreiss, Le Fils d’Homme: ÉThR 26/3, ’51, Life in Christ, ’54, 43–60; SMowinckel, He That Cometh, tr. Anderson, ’54, 346–450; GIber, Überlieferungsgesch. Unters. z. Begriff des Menschensohnes im NT, diss. Heidelb. ’53; ESjöberg, D. verborgene Menschensohn in den Ev. ’55; WGrundmann, ZNW 47, ’56, 113–33; HRiesenfeld, The Mythological Backgrd. of NT Christology, CHDodd Festschr. ’56, 81–95; PhVielhauer, Gottesreich u. Menschensohn in d. Verk. Jesu, GDehn Festschr. ’57, 51–79; ESidebottom, The Son of Man in J, ET 68, ’57, 231–35; 280–83; AHiggins, Son of Man- Forschung since (Manson’s) ‘The Teaching of Jesus’: NT Essays (TW Manson memorial vol.) ’59, 119–35; HTödt, D. Menschensohn in d. synopt. Überl. ’59 (tr. Barton ’65); JMuilenburg, JBL 79, ’60, 197–209 (Da, En); ESchweizer, JBL 79, ’60, 119–29 and NTS 9, ’63, 256–61; BvIersel, ‘Der Sohn’ in den synopt. Jesusworten, ’61 (community?); MBlack, BJRL 45, ’63, 305–18; FBorsch, ATR 45, ’63, 174–90; AHiggins, Jesus and the Son of Man, ’64; RFormesyn, NovT 8, ’66, 1–35 (barnasha=‘I’); SSandmel, HSilver Festschr. ’63, 355–67; JJeremias, Die älteste Schicht der Menschensohn-Logien, ZNW 58, ’67, 159–72; GVermes, MBlack, Aram. Approach³, ’67, 310–30; BLindars, The New Look on the Son of Man: BJRL 63, ’81, 437–62; WWalker, The Son of Man, Some Recent Developments CBQ 45, ’83, 584–607; JDonahue, Recent Studies on the Origin of ‘Son of Man’ in the Gospels, CBQ 48, ’86, 584–607; DBurkitt, The Nontitular Son of Man, A History and Critique: NTS 40, ’94 504–21 (lit.); JEllington, BT 40, ’89, 201–8; RGordon, Anthropos: 108–13.—B. 105; DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.

Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > υἱός
19 ἄρχων

ἄρχων, οντος, ὁ (Aeschyl., Hdt.+) actually ptc. of ἄρχω, used as subst.: one who is in a position of leadership, esp. in a civic capacity.

① one who has eminence in a ruling capacity, ruler, lord, prince

ⓐ of earthly figures, οἱ ἄ. τῶν ἐθνῶν Mt 20:25; cp. B 9:3 (Is 1:10); οἱ ἄ. the rulers Ac 4:26 (Ps 2:2). W. δικαστής of Moses (in quot. of Ex 2:14): 7:27, 35 and 1 Cl 4:10.

ⓑ of Christ ὁ ἄ. τ. βασιλέων τ. γῆς the ruler of the kings of the earth Rv 1:5;

ⓒ of transcendent figures. Evil spirits (Kephal. I p. 50, 22; 24; 51, 25 al.), whose hierarchies resembled human polit. institutions. The devil is ἄ. τ. δαιμονίων Mt 9:34; 12:24; Mk 3:22; Lk 11:15 (s. Βεελζεβούλ.—Porphyr. [in Eus., PE 4, 22, 15] names Sarapis and Hecate as τοὺς ἄρχοντας τ. πονηρῶν δαιμόνων) or ἄ. τοῦ κόσμου τούτου J 12:31; 14:30; 16:11; ἄ. καιροῦ τοῦ νῦν τῆς ἀνομίας B 18:2; ὁ ἄ. τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου (Orig., C. Cels. 8, 13, 13) IEph 17:1; 19:1; IMg 1:2; ITr 4:2; IRo 7:1; IPhld 6:2. (Cp. AscIs 1, 3; 10, 29.) At AcPlCor 2, 11 the ed. of PBodmer X suggests on the basis of a Latin version (s. ZNW 44, 1952–53, 66–76) that the following words be supplied between πολλοῖς and θέλων εἶναι: [ὁ γὰρ ἄρχων ἄδικος ὢν| (καὶ) θεὸς] (lat.: nam quia injustus princeps deus volens esse) [the prince (of this world) being unjust] and desiring to be [god] (s. ASchlatter, D. Evglst. Joh. 1930, 271f). Many would also class the ἄρχοντες τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου 1 Cor 2:6–8 in this category (so from Origen to H-DWendland ad loc., but for possible classification under mng. 2 s. TLing, ET 68, ’56/57, 26; WBoyd, ibid. 68, ’57/58, 158). ὁ πονηρὸς ἄ. B 4:13; ὁ ἄδικος ἄ. MPol 19:2 (cp. ὁ ἄρχων τ. πλάνης TestSim 2:7, TestJud 19:4). ὁ ἄ. τῆς ἐξουσίας τοῦ ἀέρος Eph 2:2 (s. ἀήρ, end). W. ἄγγελος as a messenger of God and representative of the spirit world (Porphyr., Ep. ad Aneb. [s. ἀρχάγγελος] c. 10) Dg 7:2; οἱ ἄ. ὁρατοί τε καὶ ἀόρατοι the visible and invisible rulers ISm 6:1.

② gener. one who has administrative authority, leader, official (so loanw. in rabb.) Ro 13:3; Tit 1:9 v.l. (cp. PsSol 17:36). For 1 Cor 2:6–8 s. 1b above.

ⓐ of Jewish leaders (Schürer, index; PLond III, 1177, 57 p. 183 [113 A.D.] ἀρχόντων Ἰουδαίων προσευχῆς Θηβαίων; IGR I, 1024, 21; Jos., Ant. 20, 11) of the high priest Ac 23:5 (Ex 22:27). Of those in charge of a synagogue (IG XIV, 949, 2) Mt 9:18, 23; cp. ἄ. τῆς συναγωγῆς Lk 8:41; Ac 14:2 D. Of members of the Sanhedrin Lk 18:18; 23:13, 35; 24:20; ἄ. τ. Ἰουδαίων (cp. Epict. 3, 7, 30 κριτὴς τῶν Ἑλλήνων) J 3:1; cp. 7:26, 48; 12:42; Ac 3:17; 4:5, 8 (ἄρχοντες καὶ πρεσβύτεροι as 1 Macc 1:26); 13:27; 14:5. τὶς τῶν ἀρχόντων τ. Φαρισαίων a member of the Sanhedrin who was a Pharisee Lk 14:1. Of a judge 12:58.

ⓑ of gentile officials (Diod S 18, 65, 6; s. the indexes to SIG and OGI) Ac 16:19 (OGI 441, 59 and note); 1 Cl 60:2; MPol 17:2. W. ἡγούμενοι 1 Cl 60:4. W. βασιλεῖς and ἡγούμενοι 1 Cl 32:2.—B. 1324. 153–59 (‘Archon’). EDNT. DELG s.v. ἄρχω. M-M. TW.

Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ἄρχων
20 ἐκ

ἐκ, before vowels ἐξ, prep. w. gen. (Hom.+; s. lit. s.v. ἀνά and εἰς beg.)

① marker denoting separation, from, out of, away from

ⓐ w. the place or thing fr. which separation takes place. Hence esp. w. verbs of motion ἀναβαίνω, ἀναλύω, ἀνίστημι, ἐγείρομαι, εἰσέρχομαι, ἐκβάλλω, ἐκπορεύομαι, ἐξέρχομαι, ἔρχομαι, ἥκω, καταβαίνω, μεταβαίνω, ῥύομαι, συνάγω, φεύγω; s. these entries. καλεῖν ἐξ Αἰγύπτου Mt 2:15 (Hos 11:1); ἐκ σκότους 1 Pt 2:9. αἴρειν ἐκ τ. κόσμου J 17:15. ἐξαλείφειν ἐκ τῆς βίβλου Rv 3:5 (Ex 32:32f; Ps 68:29). ἀποκυλίειν τ. λίθον ἐκ τ. θύρας Mk 16:3; cp. J 20:1; Rv 6:14; σῴζειν ἐκ γῆς Αἰγ. Jd 5; διασῴζειν ἐκ τ. θαλάσσης Ac 28:4. παραγίνεσθαι ἐξ ὁδοῦ arrive on a journey (lit. from, i.e. interrupting a journey) Lk 11:6; fig. ἐπιστρέφειν ἐξ ὁδοῦ bring back fr. the way Js 5:20; cp. 2 Pt 2:21. ἐκ τῆς χειρός τινος (Hebraistically מִיַּד פּ׳, oft. LXX; s. B-D-F §217, 2; Rob. 649) from someone’s power ἐξέρχεσθαι J 10:39; ἁρπάζειν 10:28f (cp. Plut., Ages. 615 [34, 6] ἐκ τῶν χειρῶν τῶν Ἐπαμινώνδου τ. πόλιν ἐξαρπάσας; JosAs 12:8 ἅρπασόν με ἐκ χειρὸς τοῦ ἐχθροῦ); ἐξαιρεῖσθαι Ac 12:11 (cp. Aeschin. 3, 256 ἐκ τ. χειρῶν ἐξελέσθαι τῶν Φιλίππου; Sir 4:9; Bar 4:18, 21 al.); ῥύεσθαι Lk 1:74; cp. vs. 71 (Ps 105:10; Wsd 2:18; JosAs 12:10); εἰρυσταί σε κύριος ἐκ χειρὸς ἀνόμου AcPlCor 1:8 (cp. ἐκ τούτων ἄπαντων PsSol 13:4).—After πίνειν, of the object fr. which one drinks (X., Cyr. 5, 3, 3): ἐκ τ. ποτηρίου Mt 26:27; Mk 14:23; 1 Cor 11:28; cp. 10:4; J 4:12. Sim. φαγεῖν ἐκ τ. θυσιαστηρίου Hb 13:10.

ⓑ w. a group or company fr. which separation or dissociation takes place (Hyperid. 6, 17 and Lucian, Cyn. 13 ἐξ ἀνθρώπων) ἐξολεθρεύειν ἐκ τοῦ λαοῦ Ac 3:23 (Ex 30:33; Lev 23:29). συμβιβάζειν ἐκ τ. ὄχλου 19:33; ἐκλέγειν ἐκ τ. κόσμου J 15:19; cp. Mt 13:41, 47; Ac 1:24; 15:22; Ro 9:24. For ἐκ freq. ἐκ μέσου Mt 13:49; Ac 17:33; 23:10; 1 Cor 5:2; 2 Cor 6:17 (cp. Ex 31:14).—ἀνιστάναι τινὰ ἔκ τινων Ac 3:22 (Dt 18:15); ἐκ νεκρῶν 17:31. ἐγείρειν τινὰ ἐκ νεκρῶν J 12:1, 9, 17; Ac 3:15; 4:10; 13:30; Hb 11:19; AcPlCor 2:6; ἀνίστασθαι ἐκ νεκρῶν Ac 10:41; 17:3; ἀνάστασις ἐκ νεκρ. Lk 20:35; 1 Pt 1:3; cp. Ro 10:7. Also s. ἠρεμέω.

ⓒ of situations and circumstances out of which someone is brought, from: ἐξαγοράζειν ἔκ τινος redeem fr. someth. Gal 3:13; also λυτροῦν (cp. Sir 51:2) 1 Pt 1:18; σῴζειν ἔκ τινος save fr. someth. J 12:27; Hb 5:7; Js 5:20 (Od. 4, 753; MLetronne, Recueil des Inscr. 1842/8, 190; 198 σωθεὶς ἐκ; SIG 1130, 1f; UPZ 60:6f [s. διασῴζω]; PVat A, 7 [168 B.C.]=Witkowski 36, 7 διασεσῶσθαι ἐκ μεγάλων κινδύνων; Sir 51:11; EpJer 49; JosAs 4:8 ἐκ τοῦ … λιμοῦ); ἐξαιρεῖσθαι Ac 7:10 (cp. Wsd 10:1; Sir 29:12). τηρεῖν ἔκ τινος keep from someth. Rv 3:10; μεταβαίνειν ἔκ τινος εἴς τι J 5:24; 1J 3:14; μετανοεῖν ἔκ τινος repent and turn away fr. someth. Rv 2:21f; 9:20f; 16:11. ἀναπαύεσθαι ἐκ τ. κόπων rest fr. one’s labors 14:13. ἐγείρεσθαι ἐξ ὕπνου wake fr. sleep (Epict. 2, 20, 15; Sir 22:9; cp. ParJer 5:2 οὐκ ἐξυπνίσθη ἐκ τοῦ ὕπνου αὐτοῦ) Ro 13:11. ζωὴ ἐκ νεκρῶν 11:15. ζῶντες ἐκ νεκρῶν people who have risen fr. death to life 6:13 (cp. Soph., Oed. R. 454; X., An. 7, 7, 28; Demosth. 18, 131 ἐλεύθερος ἐκ δούλου καὶ πλούσιος ἐκ πτωχοῦ γεγονώς; Palaeph. 3, 2). S. ἀνάστασις 2b.

ⓓ of pers. and things with whom a connection is severed or is to remain severed: τηρεῖν αὐτοὺς ἐκ τοῦ πονηροῦ keep them fr. the evil one J 17:15; cp. Ac 15:29. Pregnant constr.: ἀνανήφειν ἐκ τῆς τοῦ διαβόλου παγίδος 2 Ti 2:26. νικᾶν ἔκ τινος free oneself from … by victory Rv 15:2 (for possible Latinism s. reff. to Livy and Velleius Paterculus in OLD s.v. ‘victoria’; but s. also RCharles, ICC Rv II, 33). ἐλεύθερος ἐκ 1 Cor 9:19 (cp. Eur., Herc. Fur. 1010 ἐλευθεροῦντες ἐκ δρασμῶν πόδα ‘freeing our feet from flight’ [=we recovered from our flight]). καθαρός εἰμι ἐγὼ ἐξ αὐτῆς I practiced abstinence with her GJs 15:4.

② marker denoting the direction fr. which someth. comes, from καταβαίνειν ἐκ τοῦ ὄρους (Il. 13, 17; X., An. 7, 4, 12; Ex 19:14; 32:1 al.; JosAs 4:1 ἐκ τοῦ ὑπερῴου) Mt 17:9. θρὶξ ἐκ τῆς κεφαλῆς ὑμῶν οὐ μὴ ἀπόληται Lk 21:18. ἐκπίπτειν ἐκ τ. χειρῶν Ac 12:7. διδάσκειν ἐκ τοῦ πλοίου Lk 5:3. ἐκ τῆς βάτου χρηματισμοῦ διδομένου 1 Cl 17:5 (cp. Just., A I, 62:3). ἐκ τῆς πρύμνης ῥίψαντες τὰς ἀγκύρας Ac 27:29. κρέμασθαι ἔκ τινος (Hom. et al.; 1 Macc 1:61; 2 Macc 6:10; Jos., Ant. 14, 107) 28:4. ἐκ ῥιζῶν to (lit. from) its roots (Job 28:9; 31:12) Mk 11:20; B 12:9.—Since the Greek feeling concerning the relation betw. things in this case differed fr. ours, ἐκ could answer the question ‘where?’ (cp. Soph., Phil. 20; Synes., Ep. 131 p. 267a ἐκ τῆς ἑτέρας μερίδος=on the other side; BGU 975, 11; 15 [45 A.D.]; PGM 36, 239; LXX; JosAs 16:12 εἱστήκει … ἐξ εὐωνύμων; 22:7) ἐκ δεξιῶν at (on) the right (δεξιός 1b) Mt 20:21, 23; 22:44 (Ps 109:1); 25:33; Lk 1:11; Ac 2:25 (Ps 15:8), 34 (Ps 109:1); 7:55f; B 11:10. ἐξ ἐναντίας opposite Mk 15:39 (Hdt. 8, 6, 2; Thu. 4, 33, 1; Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 461, 6; Sir 37:9; Wsd 4:20 al.); ὁ ἐξ ἐναντίας the opponent (Sext. Emp., Adv. Phys. 1, 66 [=Adv. Math. 9, 66]; 2, 69 [=Adv. Math. 10, 69], Adv. Eth. 1, 25; Bias in Diog. L. 1, 84) Tit 2:8.—ἐκ τοῦ κατωτάτου ᾅδου … προσευχομένου Ἰωνᾶ AcPlCor 2:30.

③ marker denoting origin, cause, motive, reason, from, of

ⓐ in expr. which have to do w. begetting and birth from, of, by: ἐκ introduces the role of the male (Ps.-Callisth. 1, 9 ἐκ θεοῦ ἔστι; JosAs 21:8 συνέλαβεν Ἀσενὲθ ἐκ τοῦ Ἰωσήφ; Tat. 33, 3 συλλαμβάνουσιν ἐκ φθορέως; Ath. 22, 4 ἐκ τοῦ Κρόνου; SIG 1163, 3; 1169, 63; OGI 383, 3; 5 [I B.C.]) ἐν γαστρὶ ἔχειν ἔκ τινος Mt 1:18. κοίτην ἔχειν ἔκ τινος Ro 9:10; also of the female (SIG 1160, 3; PEleph 1, 9 [311/10 B.C.] τεκνοποιεῖσθαι ἐξ ἄλλης γυναικός; PFay 28, 9 γεννᾶσθαι ἐκ; Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 1, 14 Jac.; Jos., Ant. 1, 191; Ath. 20, 3 ἐξ ἧς παῖς Διόνυσος αὐτῷ) γεννᾶν τινα ἐκ beget someone by (a woman; s. γεννάω 1a) Mt 1:3, 5, etc. ἐκ Μαρίας ἐγεννῄθη AcPlCor 1:14; 2:5; γίνεσθαι ἐκ γυναικός (Jos., Ant. 11, 152; Ar. 9, 7) Gal 4:4; cp. vs. 22f.—γεννᾶσθαι ἐξ αἱμάτων κτλ. J 1:13; ἐκ τ. σαρκός 3:6; ἐκ πορνείας 8:41. ἐγείρειν τινὶ τέκνα ἐκ Mt 3:9; Lk 3:8. (τὶς) ἐκ καρποῦ τ. ὀσφύος αὐτοῦ Ac 2:30 (Ps 131:11). γεννᾶσθαι ἐκ τ. θεοῦ J 1:13; 1J 3:9; 4:7; 5:1, 4, 18 (Just., A I, 22, 2); ἐκ τ. πνεύματος J 3:6 (opp. ἐκ τ. σαρκός). εἶναι ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ (Menand., Sam. 602 S. [257 Kö.]) J 8:47; 1J 4:4, 6; 5:19; opp. εἶναι ἐκ τ. διαβόλου J 8:44; 1J 3:8 (cp. OGI 90, 10 of Ptolemaeus Epiphanes ὑπάρχων θεὸς ἐκ θεοῦ κ. θεᾶς).

ⓑ to denote origin as to family, race, city, people, district, etc.: ἐκ Ναζαρέτ J 1:46. ἐκ πόλεως vs. 44. ἐξ οἴκου Lk 1:27; 2:4. ἐκ γένους (Jos., Ant. 11, 136) Phil 3:5; Ac 4:6. ἐκ φυλῆς (Jos., Ant. 6, 45; 49; PTebt I, 26, 15) Lk 2:36; Ac 13:21; 15:23; Ro 11:1. Ἑβρ. ἐξ Ἑβραίων a Hebrew, the son of Hebrews Phil 3:5 (Goodsp., Probs., 175f; on the connotation of ancestral ἀρετή Phil 3:5 cp. New Docs VII 233, no. 10, 5). ἐκ σπέρματός τινος J 7:42; Ro 1:3; 11:1. ἐξ ἐθνῶν Ac 15:23; cp. Gal 2:15. Cp. Lk 23:7; Ac 23:34. ἐκ τ. γῆς J 3:31. For this ἐκ τῶν κάτω J 8:23 (opp. ἐκ τ. ἄνω). ἐκ (τούτου) τ. κόσμου 15:19ab; 17:14; 1J 2:16; 4:5. ἐξ οὐρανοῦ ἢ ἐξ ἀνθρώπων Mt 21:25; Mk 11:30.—To express a part of the whole, subst.: οἱ ἐξ Ἰσραήλ the Israelites Ro 9:6. οἱ ἐξ ἐριθείας selfish, factious people 2:8. οἱ ἐκ νόμου partisans of the law 4:14; cp. vs. 16. οἱ ἐκ πίστεως those who have faith Gal 3:7, 9; cp. the sg. Ro 3:26; 4:16. οἱ ἐκ περιτομῆς the circumcision party Ac 11:2; Ro 4:12; Gal 2:12. οἱ ἐκ τῆς περιτομῆς Tit 1:10. For this οἱ ὄντες ἐκ περιτομῆς Col 4:11. οἱ ἐκ τ. συναγωγῆς members of the synagogue Ac 6:9. οἱ ἐκ τῶν Ἀριστοβούλου Ro 16:10f. οἱ ἐκ τῆς Καίσαρος οἰκίας Phil 4:22 (s. Καῖσαρ and οἰκία 3). In these cases the idea of belonging, the partisan use, often completely overshadows that of origin; cp. Dg 6:3.

ⓒ to denote derivation (Maximus Tyr. 13, 3f φῶς ἐκ πυρός; Ath. 18:3 γένεσιν … ἐξ ὕδατος) καπνὸς ἐκ τ. δόξης τ. θεοῦ Rv 15:8 (cp. EpJer 20 καπνὸς ἐκ τ. οἰκίας). ἡ σωτηρία ἐκ τ. Ἰουδαίων ἐστίν J 4:22. εἶναι ἔκ τινος come, derive from someone or someth. (Jos., Ant. 7, 209) Mt 5:37; J 7:17, 22; 1J 2:16, 21; εἶναι is oft. to be supplied Ro 2:29; 11:36; 1 Cor 8:6 ( Plut., Mor. 1001c); 11:12; 2 Cor 4:7; Gal 5:8. ἔργα ἐκ τοῦ πατρός J 10:32. οἰκοδομὴ ἐκ θεοῦ 2 Cor 5:1; χάρισμα 1 Cor 7:7; δικαιοσύνη Phil 3:9. φωνὴ ἐκ τ. στόματος αὐτοῦ Ac 22:14. Here belongs the constr. w. ἐκ for the subj. gen., as in ἡ ἐξ ὑμῶν (v.l.) ἀγάπη 2 Cor 8:7; ὁ ἐξ ὑμῶν ζῆλος 9:2 v.l.; Rv 2:9 (cp. Vett. Val. 51, 16; CIG II 3459, 11 τῇ ἐξ ἑαυτῆς κοσμιότητι; pap. [Rossberg 14f]; 1 Macc 11:33 χάριν τῆς ἐξ αὐτῶν εὐνοίας; 2 Macc 6:26). ἐγένετο ζήτησις ἐκ τ. μαθητῶν Ἰωάννου there arose a discussion on the part of John’s disciples J 3:25 (Dionys. Hal. 8, 89, 4 ζήτησις πολλὴ ἐκ πάντων ἐγένετο; Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 24 §91 σφαγή τις ἐκ τῶν στρατιωτῶν ἐγένετο).

ⓓ of the effective cause by, because of (cp. the ‘perfectivizing’ force of ἐκ and other prepositions in compounds, e.g. Mt 4:7; Mk 9:15. B-D-F §318, 5)

α. personal in nature, referring to originator (X., An. 1, 1, 6; Diod S 19, 1, 4 [saying of Solon]; Arrian, Anab. 3, 1, 2; 4, 13, 6 of an inspired woman κατεχομένη ἐκ τοῦ θείου; Achilles Tat. 5, 27, 2; SibOr 3, 395; Just.: A I, 12, 5 ἐκ δαιμόνων φαύλων … καὶ ταῦτα … ἐνεργεῖσθαι, also D. 18, 3; Nicetas Eugen. 7, 85 H. ἐκ θεῶν σεσωσμένη; Ps.-Clem., Hom. p. 7, 19 Lag. τὸν ἐκ θεοῦ σοι ἀποδιδόμενον μισθόν): ὠφελεῖσθαι ἔκ τινος Mt 15:5; Mk 7:11. ζημιοῦσθαι 2 Cor 7:9. λυπεῖσθαι 2:2. εὐχαριστεῖσθαι 1:11. ἀδικεῖσθαι Rv 2:11. ἐξ ἐμαυτοῦ οὐκ ἐλάλησα J 12:49 (cp. Soph., El. 344 οὐδὲν ἐξ σαυτῆς λέγεις).

β. impersonal in nature (Arrian, Anab. 3, 21, 10 ἀποθνῄσκειν ἐκ τ. τραυμάτων; 6, 25, 4; JosAs 29:8 ἐκ τοῦ τραύματος τοῦ λίθου; POxy 486, 32 τὰ ἐμὰ ἐκ τ. ἀναβάσεως τ. Νίλου ἀπολωλέναι): ἀποθανεῖν ἐκ τ. ὑδάτων Rv 8:11. πυροῦσθαι 3:18. σκοτοῦσθαι 9:2. φωτίζεσθαι 18:1. κεκοπιακὼς ἐκ τῆς ὁδοιπορίας J 4:6 (Aelian, VH 3, 23 ἐκ τοῦ πότου ἐκάθευδεν). ἔκαμον ἐκ τῆς ὁδοῦ GJs 15:1.

ⓔ of the reason which is a presupposition for someth.: by reason of, as a result of, because of (X., An. 2, 5, 5; Appian, Bell. Civ. 1, 42 §185 ἐκ προδοσίας; POxy 486, 28f ἐκ τῆς ἐπιστολῆς; Just., A I, 68, 3 ἐξ ἐπιστολῆς; numerous examples in Mayser II/2 p. 388; Philo, De Jos. 184 ἐκ διαβολῆς; Jos., Vi. 430; JosAs 11 παραλελυμένη … ἐκ τῆς πολλῆς ταπεινώσεως; Ar. 8, 6 ἐκ τούτων … τῶν ἐπιτηδευμάτων τῆς πλάνης; Just., A I, 4, 1 ἐκ τοῦ … ὀνόματος; also inf.: 33, 2 ἵνα … ἐκ τοῦ προειρῆσθαι πιστευθῇ 68, 3 al.): δικαιοῦσθαι ἔκ τινος Ro 4:2; Gal 2:16; 3:24; cp. Ro 3:20, 30 (cp. εἴ τις ἐκ γένους [δίκαι]ος=has the right of citizenship by descent [i.e. has the law on his side]: letter of MAurelius 34, ZPE 8, ’71, 170); οὐκ … ἡ ζωὴ αὐτοῦ ἐστιν ἐκ τῶν ὑπαρχόντων αὐτῷ he does not live because of his possessions Lk 12:15. ἐκ ταύτης τ. ἐργασίας Ac 19:25. ἐξ ἔργων λαβεῖν τὸ πνεῦμα Gal 3:2, 5; cp. Ro 11:6. ἐξ ἀναστάσεως λαβεῖν τ. νεκρούς Hb 11:35. ἐσταυρώθη ἐξ ἀσθενείας 2 Cor 13:4. τὸ ἐξ ὑμῶν as far as it depends on you Ro 12:18.—ἐκ τοῦ πόνου in anguish Rv 16:10; cp. vs. 11; 8:13.—ἐκ τούτου for this reason, therefore (SIG 1168, 47; 1169, 18; 44; 62f; BGU 423, 17=Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 480, 17) J 6:66; 19:12.

ⓕ Sim. ἐκ can introduce the means which one uses for a definite purpose, with, by means of (Polyaenus 3, 9, 62 ἐξ ἱμάντος=by means of a thong) ἐκ τοῦ μαμωνᾶ Lk 16:9 (X., An. 6, 4, 9; PTebt 5, 80 [118 B.C.] ἐκ τ. ἱερῶν προσόδων; ParJer 1:7 [of Jerusalem] ἐκ τῶν χειρῶν σου ἀφανισθήτω; Jos., Vi. 142 ἐκ τ. χρημάτων); cp. 8:3.

ⓖ of the source, fr. which someth. flows or comes:

α. λαλεῖν ἐκ τ. ἰδίων J 8:44. ἐκ τοῦ περισσεύματος τ. καρδίας Mt 12:34. τὰ ἐκ τ. ἱεροῦ the food from the temple 1 Cor 9:13. ἐκ τ. εὐαγγελίου ζῆν get one’s living by proclaiming the gospel vs. 14.

β. information, insight, etc. (X., An. 7, 7, 43 ἐκ τῶν ἔργων κατέμαθες; Just., A I, 28, 1 ἐκ τῶν ἡμετέρων συγγραμμάτων … μαθεῖν 34, 2 al.) κατηχεῖσθαι ἐκ Ro 2:18. ἀκούειν ἐκ J 12:34. γινώσκειν Mt 12:33; Lk 6:44; 1J 3:24; 4:6. ἐποπτεύειν 1 Pt 2:12. δεικνύναι Js 2:18 (cp. ἀποδεικνύναι Just., D. 33, 1).

γ. of the inner life, etc., fr. which someth. proceeds (since Il. 9, 486): ἐκ καρδίας Ro 6:17; 1 Pt 1:22 v.l. (cp. Theocr. 29, 4; M. Ant. 3, 3). ἐκ ψυχῆς Eph 6:6; Col 3:23 (X., An. 7, 7, 43, Oec. 10, 4; Jos., Ant. 17, 177; 1 Macc 8:27). ἐκ καθαρᾶς καρδίας 1 Ti 1:5; 2 Ti 2:22; 1 Pt 1:22. ἐξ ὅλης τ. καρδίας σου καὶ ἐξ ὅλης τ. ψυχῆς σου καὶ ἐξ ὅλης τ. διανοίας σου καὶ ἐξ ὅλης τ. ἰσχύος σου Mk 12:30; cp. Lk 10:27 (Dt 6:5; cp. Wsd 8:21; 4 Macc 7:18; Epict. 2, 23, 42 ἐξ ὅλης ψυχῆς). ἐκ πίστεως Ro 14:23; cp. 2 Cor 2:17. Also of circumstances which accompany an action without necessarily being the source of it: γράφειν ἐκ πολλῆς θλίψεως write out of great affliction 2 Cor 2:4; Phil 1:17.

ⓗ of the material out of which someth. is made (Hdt. 1, 194; Pla., Rep. 10, 616c; OGI 194, 28 [42 B.C.] a statue ἐκ σκληροῦ λίθου; PMagd 42, 5 [221 B.C.]=PEnteux 83, 5; POxy 707, 28; PGM 13, 659; Wsd 15:8; 1 Macc 10:11; Jdth 1:2; En 99:13; JosAs 3:9; Just., A I, 59, 1) of, from στέφανος ἐξ ἀκανθῶν Mt 27:29; J 19:2; cp. 2:15; 9:6; Ro 9:21; 1 Cor 15:47; Rv 18:12; 21:21; perh. also 1 Cor 11:12 ἡ γυνὴ ἐκ τοῦ ἀνδρός.

ⓘ of the underlying rule or principle according to, in accordance with (Hdt., Pla. et al. [Kühner-G. I 461g], also OGI 48, 12 [III B.C.] ἐκ τ. νόμων; PEleph 1, 12 [312/11 B.C.] ἐκ δίκης; PPetr III, 26, 9 ἐκ κρίσεως; LXX, e.g. 1 Macc 8:30; Jos., Ant. 6, 296 ἐκ κυνικῆς ἀσκήσεως πεποιημένος τὸν βίον) ἐκ τ. λόγων Mt 12:37 (cp. Wsd 2:20). ἐκ τ. στόματός σου κρινῶ σε by what you have said Lk 19:22 (cp. Sus 61 Theod.; also X., Cyr. 2, 2, 21 ἐκ τ. ἔργων κρίνεσθαι). ἐκ τῶν γεγραμμένων on the basis of things written Rv 20:12. ἐκ τ. καλοῦντος Ro 9:12. ἐκ τ. ἔχειν in accordance w. your ability 2 Cor 8:11. ἐξ ἰσότητος on the basis of equality vs. 13.

④ marker used in periphrasis, from, of

ⓐ for the partitive gen. (B-D-F §164, 1 and 2; 169; Rob. 599; 1379).

α. after words denoting number εἷς, μία, ἕν (Hdt. 2, 46, 2 ἐκ τούτων εἷς; POxy 117, 14ff [II/III A.D.] δύο … ἐξ ὧν … ἓν ἐξ αὐτῶν; Tob 12:15 BA; Sir 32:1; Jos., Bell. 7, 47; JosAs 20:2 ἐκ τῶν παρθένων μία Just., D. 126, 4) Mt 10:29; 18:12; 22:35; 27:48; Mk 9:17 al.; εἷς τις J 11:49; δύο Mk 16:12; Lk 24:13; J 1:35; 21:2. πέντε Mt 25:2. πολλοί (1 Macc 5:26; 9:69) J 6:60, 66; 7:31; 11:19, 45. οἱ πλείονες 1 Cor 15:6. οὐδείς (Epict. 1, 29, 37; 1 Macc 5:54; 4 Macc 14:4; Ar. 13, 6; Just., D. 16, 2) J 7:19; 16:5. χιλιάδες ἐκ πάσης φυλῆς Rv 7:4.

β. after the indef. pron. (Plut., Galba 1065 [27, 2]; Herodian 5, 3, 9; 3 Macc 2:30; Jos., Vi. 279) Lk 11:15; J 6:64; 7:25, 44, 48; 9:16; 11:37, 46 al. Also after the interrog. pron. Mt 6:27; 21:31; Lk 11:5; 12:25; 14:28 al.

γ. the partitive w. ἐκ as subj. (2 Km 11:17) εἶπαν ἐκ τ. μαθητῶν αὐτοῦ J 16:17.—Rv 11:9. As obj., pl. Mt 23:34; Lk 11:49; 21:16; 2J 4 (cp. Sir 33:12; Jdth 7:18; 10:17 al.).

δ. used w. εἶναι belong to someone or someth. (Jos., Ant. 12, 399) καὶ σὺ ἐξ αὐτῶν εἶ you also belong to them Mt 26:73; cp. Mk 14:69f; Lk 22:58; J 7:50; 10:26; Ac 21:8; cp. 2 Cl 18:1. οὐκ εἰμὶ ἐκ τ. σώματος I do not belong to the body 1 Cor 12:15f; cp. 2 Cl 14:1.

ε. after verbs of supplying, receiving, consuming: ἐσθίειν ἔκ τινος (Tob 1:10; Sir 11:19; Jdth 12:2; JosAs 16:8) 1 Cor 9:7; 11:28; J 6:26, 50f; Rv 2:7. πίνειν Mt 26:29; Mk 14:25; J 4:13f; Rv 14:10; χορτάζειν ἔκ τινος gorge w. someth. 19:21 (s. ζ below); μετέχειν 1 Cor 10:17; λαμβάνειν (1 Esdr 6:31; Wsd 15:8) J 1:16; Rv 18:4; Hs 9, 24, 4. τὸ βρέφος … ἔλαβε μασθὸν ἐκ τῆς μητρὸς αὐτοῦ the child took its mother’s breast GJs 19:2; διδόναι (Tob 4:16; Ezk 16:17) Mt 25:8; 1J 4:13. διαδιδόναι (Tob 4:16 A) J 6:11.

ζ. after verbs of filling: ἐπληρώθη ἐκ τῆς ὀσμῆς was filled w. the fragrance J 12:3 cp. Rv 8:5. χορτασθῆναι ἔκ τινος to be satisfied to the full w. someth. Lk 15:16. γέμειν ἐξ ἁρπαγῆς be full of greed Mt 23:25.

ⓑ in periphrasis for the gen. of price or value for (Palaeph. 45; PFay 111, 16 [95/96 A.D.]; 119, 5 [c. 100 A.D.]; 131, 5; PLond II, 277, 9 p. 217 [23 A.D.]; BGU III, 916, 19 [I A.D.]; PAmh II, 133, 19 [II A.D.]; Jos., Ant. 14, 34; B-D-F §179) ἀγοράζειν τι ἔκ τινος Mt 27:7 (POxy 745, 2 [c. 1 A.D.] τ. οἶνον ἠγόρασας ἐκ δραχμῶν ἕξ; EpJer 24); cp. Ac 1:18; Mt 20:2.

⑤ marker denoting temporal sequence, from

ⓐ of the time when someth. begins from, from … on, for, etc. ἐκ κοιλίας μητρός from birth (Ps 21:11; 70:6; Is 49:1) Mt 19:12 al.; also ἐκ γενετῆς J 9:1 (since Il. 24, 535; Od. 18, 6; s. also γενετή). ἐκ νεότητος (since Il. 14, 86; Ps 70:5; Sir 7:23; Wsd 8:2; 1 Macc 2:66; JosAs 17:4) Mk 10:20; Lk 18:21. ἐξ ἱκανῶν χρόνων for a long time 23:8. ἐκ πολλῶν χρόνων a long time before 1 Cl 42:5 (cp. Epict. 2, 16, 17 ἐκ πολλοῦ χρόνου. Cp. ἐκ πολλοῦ Thu. 1, 68, 3; 2, 88, 2; ἐξ ὀλίγων ἡμερῶν Lysias, Epitaph. 1). ἐκ γενεῶν ἀρχαίων Ac 15:21 (cp. X., Hell. 6, 1, 4 ἐκ πάντων προγόνων). ἐκ τ. αἰῶνος since the world began J 9:32 (cp. ἐξ αἰῶνος Sext. Emp., Adv. Math. 9, 76; Diod S 4, 83, 3; Aelian, VH 6, 13; 12, 64; OGI 669, 61; Sir 1:4; 1 Esdr 2:17, 21; Jos., Bell. 5, 442). ἐξ ἐτῶν ὀκτώ for eight years Ac 9:33; cp. 24:10. ἐξ ἀρχῆς (PTebt 40, 20 [117 B.C.]; Sir 15:14; 39:32; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 225; Ath. 8, 1) J 6:64. ἐκ παιδιόθεν fr. childhood Mk 9:21 (s. παιδιόθεν. Just., A I, 15, 6 ἐκ παίδων. On the use of ἐκ w. an adv. cp. ἐκ τότε POxy 486 [II A.D.]; ἐκ πρωίθεν 1 Macc 10:80).

ⓑ of temporal sequence

α. ἡμέραν ἐξ ἡμέρας day after day 2 Pt 2:8; 2 Cl 11:2 (cp. Ps.-Eur., Rhes. 445; Henioch. Com. 5:13 K.; Theocr. 18, 35; Gen 39:10; Num 30:15; Sir 5:7; Esth 3:7; En 98:8; 103:10).

β. ἐκ δευτέρου for the second time, again, s. δεύτερος 2. ἐκ τρίτου Mt 26:44 (ParJer 7:8; cp. PHolm 1, 32 ἐκ τετάρτου).

⑥ various uses and units

ⓐ blending of constructions, cp. Rob. 599f: ἐκ for ἐν (Hdt., Thu. et al., s. Kühner-G. I 546f; LXX, e.g. Sus 26 Theod.; 1 Macc 11:41; 13:21; Jdth 15:5) ὁ πατὴρ ὁ ἐξ οὐρανοῦ δώσει Lk 11:13. μὴ καταβάτω ἆραι τὰ ἐκ τῆς οἰκίας αὐτοῦ Mt 24:17. τὴν ἐκ Λαοδικείας (ἐπιστολὴν) ἵνα καὶ ὑμεῖς ἀναγνῶτε Col 4:16.

ⓑ like the OT use of מִן: ἔκρινεν ὁ θεὸς τὸ κρίμα ὑμῶν ἐξ αὐτῆς God has pronounced judgment for you against her Rv 18:20 (cp. Ps 118:84; Is 1:24; En 100:4; 104:3). ἐξεδίκησεν τὸ αἷμα τ. δούλων αὐτοῦ ἐκ χειρὸς αὐτῆς 19:2, cp. 6:10 (both 4 Km 9:7).

ⓒ adv. expressions (Just., A I, 2, 1 ἐκ παντὸς τρόπου ‘in every way’): ἐξ ἀνάγκης (ἀνάγκη 1). ἐκ συμφώνου by mutual consent (BGU 446, 13=Mitt-Wilck. II/2, 257, 13; CPR I, 11, 14 al. in pap; cp. Dssm., NB 82f [BS 225]) 1 Cor 7:5. ἐκ λύπης reluctantly 2 Cor 9:7. ἐκ περισσοῦ extremely (Dio Chrys. 14 [31], 64; Lucian, Pro Merc. Cond. 13; Da 3:22 Theod.; Galen, CMG V/10/2/2 p. 284, 17 [-ττ]) Mk 6:51; 1 Th 5:13 v.l.; ἐκ μέτρου by measure = sparingly J 3:34. ἐκ μέρους (Galen, CMG V/10/2/2 p. 83, 24) part by part = as far as the parts are concerned, individually 1 Cor 12:27 (distributive; cp. PHolm 1, 7 ἐκ δραχμῶν Ϛ´=6 dr. each); mostly in contrast to ‘complete’, only in part 13:9 (BGU 538, 35; 574, 10; 887, 6; 17 al. in pap; EpArist 102). ἐξ ὀνόματος individually, personally, by name IEph 20:2; IPol 4:2; 8:2.

ⓓ ἐκ … εἰς w. the same word repeated gives it special emphasis (Plut., Galba 1058 [14, 2] ἐκ προδοσίας εἰς προδοσίαν; Ps 83:8) ἐκ πίστεως εἰς πίστιν Ro 1:17.—2 Cor 2:16 (twice).—The result and goal are thus indicated Ro 11:36; 1 Cor 8:6; Col 1:16. AFridrichsen, ConNeot 12, ’48, 54.—DELG s.v. ἐξ. M-M.

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